Estonia, sentence 375

From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

Since at least 2009, logging has increased significantly across both private and protected lands, including national parks.

What happens: log, increase, protect · To what, where: private, lands

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Since	since	ADP	_	4 2009	case
2	at	at	ADP	_	3 least	case
3	least	least	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 2009	nmod
4	2009	2009	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 increased	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 2009	punct
6	logging	log	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 increased	nsubj
7	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 increased	aux
8	increased	increase	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
9	significantly	significantly	ADV	_	8 increased	advmod
10	across	across	ADP	_	12 private	case
11	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	12 private	nsubj
12	private	private	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 increased	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 protected	cc
14	protected	protect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 increased	conj
15	lands	land	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 protected	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 parks	punct
17	including	including	ADP	_	19 parks	case
18	national	national	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 parks	amod
19	parks	park	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 lands	conj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 increased	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	log	gerund					vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	increase	present · perfect		private	since 2009 at least	significantly property	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	protect	participle	lands and national parks				vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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