Estonia, sentence 434
From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In recent years, the number of Swedish residents in Estonia has risen again, numbering almost 500 people by 2008, owing to property reforms enacted in the early 1990s.
Who acts: number · What happens: rise, number, owe, enact · To what, where: 500 people, property reforms, early 1990s
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (number), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 years | case |
| 2 | recent | recent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 years | amod |
| 3 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 risen | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 years | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 number | det |
| 6 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 risen | nsubj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 residents | case |
| 8 | Swedish | Swedish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 residents | amod |
| 9 | residents | resident | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 number | nmod |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 Estonia | case |
| 11 | Estonia | Estonia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 residents | nmod |
| 12 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 risen | aux |
| 13 | risen | rise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 14 | again | again | ADV | _ | 13 risen | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 numbering | punct |
| 16 | numbering | number | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 risen | advcl |
| 17 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 18 500 | advmod |
| 18 | 500 | 500 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 19 people | nummod |
| 19 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 numbering | obj |
| 20 | by | by | ADP | _ | 21 2008 | case |
| 21 | 2008 | 2008 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 16 numbering | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 owing | punct |
| 23 | owing | owe | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 numbering | conj |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 reforms | case |
| 25 | property | property | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 reforms | compound |
| 26 | reforms | reform | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 owing | obl |
| 27 | enacted | enact | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 reforms | acl |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 1990s | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 1990s | det |
| 30 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 1990s | amod |
| 31 | 1990s | 1990s | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 27 enacted | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 risen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rise | present · perfect | the number of Swedish residents in Estonia | again; year | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | number | gerund | the number of Swedish residents in Estonia not said here | 500 people | by 2008 | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme | |||
| 3 | owe | gerund | the number of Swedish residents in Estonia not said here | to property reforms goal | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to reform=Goal | ||||
| 4 | enact | participle | property reforms not said here | the early 1990s | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Estonia/434/