Estonia, sentence 48
From Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Parishes were commonly centred on hill forts and ruled by local nobles.
What happens: centre, rule · To what, where: Parishes, hill forts
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Estonia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Parishes | parish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 centred | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 centred | aux:pass |
| 3 | commonly | commonly | ADV | _ | 4 centred | advmod |
| 4 | centred | centre | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 forts | case |
| 6 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 forts | compound |
| 7 | forts | fort | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 centred | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 ruled | cc |
| 9 | ruled | rule | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 centred | conj |
| 10 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 nobles | case |
| 11 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 nobles | amod |
| 12 | nobles | noble | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 ruled | obl |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 centred | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | centre | past · passive | Parishes | hill forts | commonly property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | rule | participle | by local nobles | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Estonia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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