Republic of the Congo, sentence 4
From Wikipedia, «Republic of the Congo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
From the 13th century, the present-day territory was dominated by a confederation led by Vungu which included Kakongo and Ngoyo.
Who acts: confederation · What happens: dominate, lead, include · To what, where: day territory, confederation, Kakongo
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Republic of the Congo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (confederation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | From | from | ADP | _ | 4 century | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 century | det |
| 3 | 13th | 13th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 4 century | amod |
| 4 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 dominated | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 century | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 territory | det |
| 7 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 day | amod |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 present | punct |
| 9 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 territory | compound |
| 10 | territory | territory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 dominated | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 dominated | aux:pass |
| 12 | dominated | dominate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 confederation | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 confederation | det |
| 15 | confederation | confederation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 dominated | obl:agent |
| 16 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 confederation | acl |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 18 Vungu | case |
| 18 | Vungu | Vungu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 led | obl:agent |
| 19 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 included | nsubj |
| 20 | included | include | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 confederation | acl:relcl |
| 21 | Kakongo | Kakongo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 included | obj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 Ngoyo | cc |
| 23 | Ngoyo | Ngoyo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Kakongo | conj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 dominated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dominate | past · passive | a confederation | the day territory | century | vn contiguous_location-47.8-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme | |||
| 2 | lead | participle | a confederation not said here | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | |||||
| 3 | include | past | a confederation | Kakongo and Ngoyo | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kakongo=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Republic of the Congo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Republic_of_the_Congo/4/