Mova0.5 pre-release⌕
☰
home / corpora / wikipedia / en / Kyiv

Kyiv · page 5

From Wikipedia, «Kyiv», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

1 2 3 4 5

Infrastructure

Transportation

Main article: Transport in Kyiv

Local public transport

Local public transportation in Kyiv includes the Metro, buses and minibuses, trolleybuses, trams, taxi and funicular.367 There is also an intra-city ring railway service.368

The publicly owned and operated Kyiv Metro is the fastest, the most convenient and affordable network that covers most, but not all, of the city.369 The Metro is expanding towards the city limits to meet growing demand, having three lines with a total length of 66.1 km and 51 stations (some of which are renowned architectural landmarks).370 The Metro carries around 1.422 million passengers daily[147] accounting for 38% of the Kyiv's public transport load.371 In 2011, the total number of trips exceeded 519 million.372

The historic tram system was the first electric tramway in the former Russian Empire and the third one in Europe after the Berlin Straßembahn and the Budapest corpus tramway.373 The tram system consists of 139.9 km of track,[148] including 14 km two Rapid Tram lines, served by 21 routes with the use of 523 tram cars.374 Once a well maintained and widely used method of transport, the system is now gradually being phased out in favor of buses and trolleybuses.375

The Kyiv Funicular was constructed during 1902–1905.376 It connects the historic Uppertown, and the lower commercial neighborhood of Podil through the steep Saint Volodymyr Hill overseeing the Dnieper River.377 The line consists of two stations.378

All public road transport (except for some minibuses) is operated by the united Kyivpastrans municipal company.379 It is heavily subsidized by the city.380

The Kyiv public transport system, except for taxi, uses a simple flat rate tariff system regardless of distance traveled: tickets or tokens must be purchased each time a vehicle is boarded.381 Digital ticket system is already established in Kyiv Metro, with plans for other transport modes.382 The cost of one ride is far lower than in Western Europe.383

The taxi market in Kyiv is expansive but not regulated.384 In particular, the taxi fare per kilometer is not regulated.385 There is a fierce competition between private taxi companies.386

Roads and bridges

Kyiv represents the focal point of Ukraine's "national roads" system, thus linked by road to all cities of the country.387 European routes, and intersect in Kyiv.388

There are eight Dnieper bridges and dozens of grade-separated intersections in the city.389 Several new intersections are under construction.390 There are plans to build a full-size, fully grade-separated ring road around Kyiv.[149][150][151]391

In 2009, Kyiv's roads were in poor technical condition and maintained inadequately.[152]392

Traffic jams and lack of parking space are growing problems for all road transport services in Kyiv.393

Air transport

Kyiv is served by two international passenger airports: the Boryspil Airport 30 km away, and the smaller, municipally owned Zhuliany Airport on the southern outskirts of the city.394 There are also the Hostomel cargo airport and additional three operating airfields facilitating the Antonov aircraft manufacturing company and general aviation.395

Railways

Railways are Kyiv's main mode of intracity- and suburban transportation.396 The city has a developed railroad infrastructure including a long-distance passenger station, 6 cargo stations, depots, and repairing facilities.397 However, this system still fails to meet the demand for passenger service.398 Particularly, the Kyiv-Pasazhyrskyi railway station is the city's only long-distance passenger terminal (vokzal).399

Construction is underway for turning the large Darnytsia railway station on the left-bank part of Kyiv into a long-distance passenger hub, which may ease traffic at the central station.[153]400 Bridges over the Dnieper River are another problem restricting the development of city's railway system.401 Presently, only one rail bridge out of two is available for intense train traffic.402 A new combined rail-auto bridge is under construction, as a part of Darnytsia project.403

In 2011, the Kyiv city administration established the new Urban Train for Kyiv.404 This service runs at standard 4- to 10-minute intervals throughout the day and follows a circular route around the city centre, which allows it to serve many of Kyiv's inner suburbs.405 Interchanges between the Kyiv Metro and Fast Tram exist at many of the urban train's station stops.[154]406

Suburban 'Kyiv City Express' trains (colloquially known as elektrychka) are serviced by the publicly owned Ukrainian Railways.407 The suburban train service is fast, and unbeatably safe in terms of traffic accidents.408 But the trains are not reliable, as they may fall significantly behind schedule, may not be safe in terms of crime, and the elektrychka cars are poorly maintained and overcrowded in rush hours.409

There are nine elektrychka directions from Kyiv:[155]410

More than a dozen of elektrychka stops are within the city allowing residents of different neighborhoods to use the suburban trains.420

Energy

DTEK Kyiv Electric Networks (formerly Kyivenergo) is the electric power distribution network operator for Kyiv, owned by oligarch Rinat Akhmetov. as of 2021 it had:[156]421

Kyivteploenergo operates a centralized heating system, which provides heating and hot water to customers through a network of pipes that distribute hot water from centralized heating plants to buildings throughout the city.425 It operates a 2700 km network, two of the largest combined heat and power plants in Ukraine CHP-5 and CHP-6, as well as the only waste incineration plant Energia (plant) operating in Ukraine.426

In line with the EU Third Energy Package, since 2019 state energy policy abandoned the Rotterdam plus system and has required transmission system operator (TSO) and regional utilities unbundling in order to separate electricity distribution and retail electricity supply.[157]427

Water and sanitation

The national government has delegated responsibility for water and sanitation services to local authorities.[158]428 Kyivvodokanal is a private joint-stock company that provides such services to Kyiv.429 The length of water supply networks is 4231 km, of which 1798 km are dilapidated.430 The length of sewage networks is 2662 km, of which 830 km are dilapidated.431

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine

Kyiv is twinned with:[159]432

Other cooperation agreements

Notable people

See also: :Category:People from Kyiv

Born in Kyiv

Arts, literature, and entertainment

Science and technology

Politics

Religion

Military

Sport

Other

Lived in Kyiv

Honour

See also

List of national landmarks of cultural heritage in Kyiv

List of crossings of the Dnieper River

List of universities, colleges, and research institutions in Kyiv

Yehupetz

Sources

  • Bilous, Natalia Oleksijivna (2008). "569 Київ наприкінці XIV — у першій половині XVII століття.570 Міська влада і самоврядування" [Kyiv at the end of the 14th century — first half of the 17th century.571 City authorities and self-government.].572 Publishing House Kyiv-Mohyla Academy.573
  • Hamm, Michael F.574 (1993). "575 Kiev.576 A portrait, 1800–1917".577
  • Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996). "578 A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples".579 University of Toronto Press.580
  • Martin, Janet (2007). "581 Medieval Russia: 980–1584.582 Second Edition.583 E-book".584 Cambridge University Press.585

Further reading

Brutzkus, J. (1944). "The Khazar Origin of Ancient Kiev". Slavonic and East European Review. American Series.

Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch; Bealby, John Thomas.

Kyiv: An Encyclopedic Handbook* (1981). Kyiv. (in Ukrainian).

Kudrytskyi, Anatolii Viktorovych; Ponomarenko, Lidiya Antonivna; Riznyk, Oleksandr (1995). "Вулиці Києва. Довідник." [Streets of Kyiv: a handbook]. Ukrainska Entsyklopediia Imeni M.P. Bazhana.

External links

Київська міська державна адміністрація – official web portal of the Kyiv City State Administration

Kyiv—Official Tourist Guide

1 2 3 4 5

References

1. Oksana Lyachynska (31 May 2012). "Kyiv's 1,530th birthday marked with fun, protest". Kyiv Post.

2. Vitali Klitschko sworn in as mayor of Kyiv , Interfax-Ukraine (5 June 2014)

3. Poroshenko appoints Klitschko head of Kyiv city administration – decree , Interfax-Ukraine (25 June 2014); Poroshenko orders Klitschko to bring title of best European capital back to Kyiv , Interfax-Ukraine (25 June 2014)

4. "Зеленський звільнив голову КМВА Ткаченка". 2026-07-16.

5. "Number of present population of Ukraine 1 January 2022". UkrStat.gov.ua. 1 January 2022.

6. "Major Agglomerations of the World". Citypopulation.de. 1 January 2021.

7. "ВАЛОВИЙ РЕГІОНАЛЬНИЙ ПРОДУКТ У 2021 РОЦІ". ukrstat.gov.ua.

8. See for alternative spellings and pronunciations.

9. "City Mayors: The 500 largest European cities (1 to 100)". www.citymayors.com.

10. "Kiev". TheFreeDictionary.com.

11. Preston, Rich. "And here's what the BBC Pronunciation Unit advises. We changed our pronunciation and spelling of Kiev to Kyiv in 2019.".

12. (no text)

13. "Kyjiw". Duden.

14. pre-1918 spelling: Кіевъ

15. pre-1918 spelling: Кій

16. "kyjevъ/*kyjevo". Nauka. 1987.

17. Rudnyc'kyj, Jaroslav Bohdan (1962–1982). An etymological dictionary of the Ukrainian language. 2., rev. ed. Winnipeg: Ukrainian free acad. of sciences, pp. 660–663.

18. "Kiev". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. The entry is the same as the print edition of "Collins Dictionary of English". HarperCollins. 2018. It includes the note "Ukrainian name: Kyiv". For American English, the website also includes the definition from "Webster's New World College Dictionary". Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2010. In the 2018 fifth edition, WNWCD changed the main headword to Kyiv, with Kiev as a see-also entry with the label "Russ. name for Kyiv".

19. "Kiev". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Merriam–Webster's online dictionary entry has the headword "Kiev" with the label "variants: or Ukrainian Kyiv or Kyyiv." According to M–W's help on entries , the key word or signals an equal variant spelling: "these the two spellings occur with equal or nearly equal frequency and can be considered equal variants. Both are standard, and either one may be used according to personal inclination."

20. Ukrainian Commission for Legal Terminology. "Kiev?, Kyiv?! Which is right?". UA Zone.

21. "Kiev". Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com. The entry includes the usage note "Ukrainian name Kyiv", and the dictionary has a see-also entry for "Kyiv" cross-referencing this one. The entry text is republished from the print edition of the "Oxford Dictionary of English". Oxford University Press. 2010.

22. "Kiev". Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Online. Pearson English Language Teaching.

23. "Kyiv not Kiev: Why spelling matters in Ukraine's quest for an independent identity". The Atlantic Council. 21 October 2019.

24. Kyiv at Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia

25. Kiev in the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia: "Населення періоду мідного віку на тер. К. було носієм т. з. трипільської культури; відомі й знахідки окремих предметів бронзового віку."

26. "Kyiv ", Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 9 March 2020.

27. Petro Tolochko, Glib Ivakin, Yaroslava Vermenych. Kyiv . Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine.

28. Rabinovich GA From the history of urban settlements in the eastern Slavs. In the book.: History, culture, folklore and ethnography of the Slavic peoples. M. 1968. 134.

29. Ерофалов-Пилипчак, Борис (22 February 2019). "Римский Киев: или Castrum Azagarium на Киево-Подоле". A+C.

30. Hazlitt, William (22 February 1851). "The Classical Gazetteer: A Dictionary of Ancient Geography, Sacred and Profane". Whittaker.

31. Sigfús Blöndal. "The Varangians of Byzantium ".

32. History . Pechersk Raion in the Kiev City.

33. dr. Viktor Padányi – Dentu-Magyaria p. 325, footnote 15

34. Lowe, Steven; Ryaboy, Dmitriy V.. "The Pechenegs".

35. Paul M. HOHENBERG; Lynn Hollen Lees; Paul M Hohenberg (2009). "The Making of Urban Europe, 1000–1994". Harvard University Press.

36. Наталія Яковенко. "Нарис історії України з найдавніших часів до кінця XVIII ст.".

37. Наталія Яковенко. "Нарис історії України з найдавніших часів до кінця XVIII ст.".

38. Наталія Яковенко. "Нарис історії України з найдавніших часів до кінця XVIII ст.".

39. Plokhy, Serhii (2006). "The Origins of the Slavic Nations". Cambridge University Press.

40. Martin, Janet L. B. (2004). "Treasure of the Land of Darkness: The Fur Trade and Its Significance for Medieval Russia". Cambridge University Press.

41. Janet Martin, Medieval Russia:980–1584, (Cambridge University Press, 1996), 100.

42. , University of Toronto Research Repository

43. Subtelny, Orest (2009). "Ukraine: A History. Fourth Edition.". University of Toronto Press.

44. Martin 2007, p. 68.

45. Наталія Яковенко. "Нарис історії України з найдавніших часів до кінця XVIII ст.".

46. Jones, Michael (2000). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 6, c.1300–c.1415. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-36290-0

47. ""Ukraina: Lietuvos epocha, 1320–1569"". Bernardinai.lt. 3 May 2010.

48. "Хто побудував київський замок?". Про Україну.

49. Jerzy Lukowski, W. H. Zawadzki (2006). A concise history of Poland . Cambridge University Press. p.53. ISBN 0-521-61857-6

50. Davies, Norman (1982). God's Playground: A History of Poland, Vol. 1: The Origins to 1795. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05351-8

51. Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996). A History of Ukraine, University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-97580-6

52. Т.Г. Таирова-Яковлева, Иван Выговский // Единорогъ. Материалы по военной истории Восточной Европы эпохи Средних веков и Раннего Нового времени, вып.1, М., 2009: Под влиянием польской общественности и сильного диктата Ватикана сейм в мае 1659 г. принял Гадячский договор в более чем урезанном виде. Идея Княжества Руського вообще была уничтожена, равно как и положение о сохранении союза с Москвой. Отменялась и ликвидация унии, равно как и целый ряд других позитивных статей.

53. Наталія Яковенко. "Нарис історії України з найдавніших часів до кінця XVIII ст.".

54. Magocsi 1996, p. 187–191.

55. Magocsi 1996, p. 204.

56. Magocsi 1996, p. 233.

57. Eugeniusz Romer, O wschodniej granicy Polski z przed 1772 r., w: Księga Pamiątkowa ku czci Oswalda Balzera, t. II, Lwów 1925, s. [358].

58. Eksteins, Modris (1999). "Walking Since Daybreak". Houghton Mifflin.

59. "The Great Purge under Stalin 1937–38". brama.com.

60. Orlando Figes The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia, 2007, ISBN 0805074619, pages 227–315.

61. Robert Gellately, Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler: The Age of Social Catastrophe (Knopf, 2007: ISBN 1-4000-4005-1), 720 pages.

62. Daniel Goldhagen, Hitler's Willing Executioners (p. 290) – "2.8 million young, healthy Soviet POWs" killed by the Germans, "mainly by starvation... in less than eight months" of 1941–42, before "the decimation of Soviet POWs... was stopped" and the Germans "began to use them as laborers".

63. "Babi Yar". Jewish Virtual Library. 2012.

64. Andy Dougan, Dynamo: Triumph and Tragedy in Nazi-Occupied Kiev (Globe Pequot, 2004: ISBN 1-59228-467-1), p. 83.

65. "Kiev and Babi Yar". Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

66. "У Києві біля водойм відкрито 32 зони для відпочинку, з яких 12 – із можливістю купання" [In Kyiv, 32 recreational zones have been opened near bodies of water, 12 of which allow swimming]. kyivcity.gov.ua. 19 June 2020.

67. "У Кличка розповіли, де в Києві можна купатися, а де тільки засмагати. Список" [Klitschko’s office explained where in Kyiv you can swim and where you can only sunbathe]. pravda.com.ua. 19 June 2020.

68. "Urban agglomerations with 750,000 inhabitants or more in 2011 and types of natural risks". United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. April 2012.

69. Kottek, M.; J. Grieser; C. Beck; B. Rudolf; F. Rubel (2006). "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated". Meteorol. Z..

70. "ЦГО Кліматичні дані по м.Києву". cgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua. Central Observatory for Geophysics.

71. "ЦГО Кліматичні рекорди". cgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua. Central Observatory for Geophysics.

72. Klitschko officially announced as winner of Kyiv mayor election , Interfax-Ukraine (4 June 2014)

73. Vitali Klitschko wins in first round of Kyiv mayor election , Ukrinform (6 November 2020)

74. Ohloblyn, Oleksander; Wynar, Lubomyr. "Hrushevsky, Mykhailo". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine.

75. Hrushevsky, M., Bar Starostvo: Historical Notes: XV–XVIII, St. Vladimir University Publishing House, Bol'shaya-Vasil'kovskaya, Building no. 29–31, Kiev, Ukraine, 1894; Lviv, Ukraine, ISBN 5-12-004335-6, pp. 1–623, 1996.

76. Interactive parliamentary election 2012 result maps by Ukrayinska Pravda; Election results in Ukraine since 1998 , Central Election Commission of Ukraine; Nations and Nationalism: A Global Historical Overview , ABC-CLIO, 2008, ISBN 1851099077 (page 1629); Ukraine on its Meandering Path Between East and West by Andrej Lushnycky and Mykola Riabchuk, Peter Lang, 2009, ISBN 303911607X (page 122); After the parliamentary elections in Ukraine: a tough victory for the Party of Regions , Centre for Eastern Studies (7 November 2012); Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe by Uwe Backes and Patrick Moreau, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2008, ISBN 978-3-525-36912-8 (page 396); Party of Regions gets 185 seats in Ukrainian parliament, Batkivschyna 101 – CEC , Interfax-Ukraine (12 November 2012); , Interfax-Ukraine (8 January 2013); Electronic Bulletin "Your Choice – 2012". Issue 4: Batkivshchyna , Ukrainian Center for Independent Political Research (24 October 2012); Ukraine's Party System in Transition? The Rise of the Radically Right-Wing All-Ukrainian Association "Svoboda" by Andreas Umland, Centre for Geopolitical Studies (1 May 2011); "Вибори-2012. Результати голосування".

77. How relations between Ukraine and Russia should look like? Public opinion polls' results , Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (4 March 2014)

78. Elections to Kyiv district councils will take place on October 30 [2022] – the decision of the Kyiv City Council , Interfax-Ukraine (3 February 2022)

79. "uk:Чисельність населення м.Києва" [Population of Kyiv city]. UkrStat.gov.ua. 1 November 2015.

80. The most recent Ukrainian census, conducted on 5 December 2001, gave the population of Kyiv as 2 611 300 (Ukrcensus.gov.ua – Kyiv city Web address accessed on 4 August 2007). Estimates based on the amount of bakery products sold in the city (thus including temporary visitors and commuters) suggest a minimum of 3.5 million. "There are up to 1.5 mln undercounted residents in Kiev ", Korrespondent, 15 June 2005

81. "There are up to 1.5 mln undercounted residents in Kiev". Korrespondent. 15 June 2007.

82. Hamm 1993, p. 103.

83. Hamm 1993, p. 103–104.

84. Makaryk, Irene Rima; Tkacz, Virlana (2010-01-01). "Modernism in Kyiv: Kiev/Kyïv/Kiev/Kijów: Jubilant Experimentation". University of Toronto Press.

85. Kubijovyč, Volodymyr; Pavlovsky, Vadym; Stebelsky, Ihor; Zhukovsky, Arkadii (2017). "Kyiv". Encyclopedia of Ukraine.

86. Kubijovyč, Volodymyr; Pavlovsky, Vadym; Stebelsky, Ihor; Zhukovsky, Arkadii. "Kyiv". Encyclopedia of Ukraine.

87. "Ukrainian Municipal Survey, March 2–20 2015". IRI.

88. According to the official 2001 census data: "Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 | Результати | Основні підсумки | Національний склад населення | місто Киів". ukrcensus.gov.ua. "Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 | Результати | Основні підсумки | Мовний склад населення | місто Київ". ukrcensus.gov.ua.

89. "Kiev: the city, its residents, problems of today, wishes for tomorrow", Zerkalo Nedeli, 29 April – 12 May 2006. in Russian. , in Ukrainian

90. "What language is spoken in Ukraine?". Welcome to Ukraine.

91. Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам. г. Киев (in Russian).

92. "Kiev". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.

93. "The Jewish Community of Kiev". The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot.

94. "Kiev and Babi Yar". Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

95. Gutman, Israel (1990). "Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, vol. 1". Macmillan.

96. "State-sponsored Anti-Semitism in Postwar USSR. Studies and Research Perspectives; Antonella Salomoni". Quest. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History / Questioni di storia ebraica contemporanea. 2 April 2010.

97. alla levy. "Jewish People Around the World".

98. Forgotten Soviet Plans For Kyiv , Kyiv Post (28 July 2011)

99. Workpermit.com . Retrieved 30 July 2006.

100. Kiev.info . Retrieved 20 June 2006.

101. Kyiv found among greenest cities in Europe, Emirates News Agency (10 December 2009)

102. Goukassian, Elena (15 September 2023). "Unesco adds sites in Kyiv and Lviv to list of world heritage in danger". The Art Newspaper.

103. Anwer, Baraa (September 15, 2023). "UNESCO puts 2 locations in war-ravaged Ukraine on its list of historic sites in danger". Associated Press News.

104. "World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO World Heritage Convention.

105. The Ukraine , Life, 28 October 1946

106. "Andreyevskiy Spusk". Hotels-Kiev.com. Optima Tours.

107. "Andreevsky spusk". Kyiv Guide.

108. "Kiev zoo a 'concentration camp for animals'". CBC news. Associated Press. 23 March 2011.

109. "Culture and Arts". Kyiv Statistics Office.

110. Trophies of Dynamo – Official website of Dynamo Kyiv

111. "Kyiv opens host stadium for Euro 2012 final". Kyiv Post. 9 October 2011.

112. "Туристичні потоки". Ukrstat.gov.ua.

113. "Головне управління статистики м.Києва – Туристичні потоки" [Kyiv City Main Statistical Office – Tourist flows]. kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua.

114. "Number of foreign tourists in Kyiv growing". www.unian.info. 28 August 2018.

115. The Kyiv council approved the Kyiv city anthem (Київрада затвердила гімн Києва) . Ukrayinska Pravda. 13 November 2014

116. "Thujoy Khreshchatyk". Why Kyivans miss chestnuts and how they became a symbol of the capital , Ukrayinska Pravda (29 May 2019)

117. "Kyiv Statistical Yearbook for 2009". Vydavnytstvo Konsultant LLC. 2010.

118. "Gross Regional Product". Kyiv Statistics Office.

119. "Gross Domestic Product". State Statistics Committee.

120. "Labour Market". Kyiv Statistics Office.

121. "Labour Market". Kyiv Statistics Office.

122. "Калькулятор зарплаты" [Salary calculator]. uteka.ua.

123. "Средняя зарплата в Украине [2019] ᐈ Средняя зарплата в Киеве и регионах" [Average salary in Ukraine [2019] ᐈ Average salary in Kyiv and the regions]. index.minfin.com.ua.

124. "Convert 21,347 Ukrainian Hryvnia to Euro – UAH to EUR Exchange Rates | Xe".

125. "Retail Sales". Kyiv Statistics Office.

126. "Retail Sales". State Statistics Committee.

127. "Construction Works". Kyiv Statistics Office.

128. "Construction Works". State Statistics Committee.

129. "Square Metre Prices in Ukraine". Global Property Guide.

130. Santarovich, Andrey (27 May 2011). "Kyiv Development Strategy Calls for EUR82 billion in foreign investment". Business Information Network.

131. "Валовий регіональний продукт". 2023-03-30.

132. "Statistical Bulletin (May 2012)". National Bank of Ukraine.

133. "30 років Незалежності: як змінювався курс долара". 2021-03-21.

134. "Average Monthly Wage Dynamics". Kyiv Statistics Office.

135. "Середньомісячна номінальна заробітна плата за видами економічної діяльності у 2013 році".

136. "Labour Market Indicators". Kyiv Statistics Office.

137. "Foreign Direct Investment". Kyiv Statistics Office.

138. "Industrial Production by Economic Activity". Kyiv Statistics Office.

139. "UNIT Factory, a key element of the future innovation park, opened in Kyiv". kfund.ua. 16 November 2016.

140. See also: Kyiv University official website . Retrieved 28 July 2006.

141. See also: KPI official website

142. "National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy".

143. See also: Osvita.org URL accessed on 20 June 2006

144. "Kyiv Statistical Yearbook for 2008". Vydavnytstvo Konsultant LLC. 2009.

145. "The Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine". Nbuv.gov.ua.

146. "Collection of Jewish Musical Folklore (1912–1947)". UNESCO Memory of the World Programme. 16 May 2008.

147. "Головне управління статистики м.Києва – Пасажирські перевезення АРХІВ 2011 року" [Kyiv City Statistical Office – Passenger Transport (Archive 2011)]. kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua.

148. For a 2004 plan of the Kyiv tram, please see mashke.org

149. "Азаров дал добро на строительство кольцевой дороги вокруг Киева – Газета "ФАКТЫ и комментарии"" [Azarov gave the green light to build a ring road around Kyiv]. Fakty.ua.

150. "Вторая кольцевая дорога вокруг Киева обойдется в $5-5,5 млрд. – Последние новости Киева – Однако в направлении окружной дороги уже вся земля выкуплена СЕГОДНЯ" [The second ring road around Kyiv will cost $5–5.5 billion. — However, all the land along the route has already been purchased.]. Segodnya.ua. 27 June 2007.

151. "Азаров прогнозирует начало строительства второй кольцевой дороги вокруг Киева в 2012 году Новости Киева" [Azarov predicts the start of construction of a second ring road around Kyiv in 2012]. Korrespondent.net.

152. Kyiv Administration: Roads Are In Poor Technical State Because They Have Reached End Of Their Service Lives And Annual Maintenance Volume Is Low , Ukrainian News Agency (12 June 2009)

153. Archunion.com.ua . Retrieved 20 June 2006.

154. "Азаров запустил в Киеве городскую электричку Экономика РИА Новости – Украина" [Azarov launched the urban rail service in Kyiv]. Ua.rian.ru. 13 August 2012.

155. "Мапа сполучень". Kyiv City Express.

156. "Наша компанія ДТЕК Київські електромереж" [Our company DTEK Kyiv Electric Networks].

157. "Ukraine electricity generation: Investment opportunities". South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2018.

158. The World Bank. "SOS DANUBIS.org – Ukraine". International Association of Water Supply Companies in the Danube River Catchment Area.

159. "Перелік міст, з якими Києвом підписані документи про поріднення, дружбу, співробітництво, партнерство" [List of cities with which Kyiv has signed agreements on twinning, friendship, cooperation, or partnership]. kyivcity.gov.ua. Kyiv. 15 February 2018.

160. "Neue Städtepartnerschaft mit Kyiv: Vitali Klitschko in Berlin". berlin.de. 2023-09-11.

161. "Nicuşor Dan: Am hotărât să aprobăm înfrăţirea dintre Bucureşti şi Kiev". mediafax.ro. Mediafax. 2022-03-07.

162. Journalist, Magnus Ankerstjerne. "København vedtager venskabsaftale med Kyiv". TV 2 Kosmopol.

163. "Marchenkova, Natalya". animator.ru.

164. "VINDMAN, Eugene Simon". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

165. Bain, Robert Nisbet.

166. Beazley, Charles Raymond.

167. Kyiv Peninsula. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica.

1 2 3 4 5

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kyiv/page/5/