hardness

«hardness» in Mova's judaism dictionary: how hard something is: how well it resists being… — its meaning for a pupil, its sense in the lessons and examples, with 3 sentences of Mova's corpora that use it.

part of speech

noun (hardness — uncountable)

meaning for a pupil

1) Hardness is how hard something is: how well it resists being scratched, dented or pressed. tree →

2) Hardness of water means how many minerals, like calcium, are dissolved in it. tree →

3) Hardness can mean being harsh or unkind (hardness of heart). tree →

sense in the lessons

In the Tanakh and Jewish tradition: In Lamentations it means a stubborn, closed heart given as a curse. Interpretation: In Sefer Yetzirah the double letters, which can be hard or soft, stand for opposites such as softness and hardness, strength and weakness. In the primary lessons: In science lessons on materials, pupils test hardness by scratching materials with a fingernail, a coin or a nail; diamond is the hardest natural material. Geologists use the Mohs scale, from talc (1, softest) to diamond (10, hardest). Hard water leaves white limescale in kettles. In stories, hardness of a character means they seem cold and unkind.

examples

• The [33] seven double letters, בגד כפרת with a duplicity of pronunciation, aspirated and unaspirated, namely: ,תּת ,רּר ,פּפ ,כּכ ,דּד ,גּג ,בּב serve as a model of softness and hardness, strength and weakness. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877) tree →
• Thou wilt give them hardness of heart, Thy curse unto them. (Writings LAM.3.65, JPS 1917) tree →
• We tested the hardness of different rocks by scratching them. tree →
• Diamond has the greatest hardness of any natural material. tree →
• The hardness of the wood made it difficult to hammer a nail in. tree →
• Talc is at the bottom of the hardness scale. tree →
• Hard water leaves white marks in the kettle. tree →
• The hardness in his voice surprised her. tree →

note

Uncountable noun from «hard» + -ness. Hardness is not the same as strength: glass is hard but breaks easily (it is brittle). On the Mohs scale a higher number means harder; each material scratches those with lower numbers.

In the corpora

• Thou wilt give them hardness of heart, Thy curse unto them.
• Geologists identify minerals by hardness, colour, lustre (shine), streak and how they break.
• Hardness of minerals is compared by scratching: a harder mineral scratches a softer one; diamond is the hardest natural mineral.

Trees and pragmatics

Every meaning and example of «hardness» parsed by Mova, each sentence with its dependency tree and frames.