בַּעַל

n.m. owner, lord (Ph. בעל; Palm. id. husband Vog62 cf. BaeRel. 72 ff.; Assyrian bêlu l.c. DlGram. Gloss.; Arabic بعْلٌ husband etc., v. especially NöZMG 1886, 174, Sab. בעל CISiv. 1, 2)—Gn 20:3 + 92 times; sf. בַּעְלִי Ho 2:18; בַּעְלָהּ Dt 24:4 + 5 times; pl. בְּעָלִים Ju 2:11 + 17 times; cstr. בַּעֲלֵי Gn 14:13 + 27 times; sf. בְּעָלָיו Ex 21:29 + 14 times; בְּעָלֶיהָ Jb 31:39 + 2 times; בַּעְלֵיהֶן Est 1:17, 20;— owner (often pl. c. sf. in sg. meaning): of ox Ex 21:28, 29(×2); 22:10, 11, 13, 14 (E); ב׳ הבור of pit Ex 21:34, 36 (E), of house Ex 22:7 (E) Ju 19:22, 23, debt Dt 15:2, the land Jb 31:39, the ass Is 1:3, goods Ec 5:10, riches Ec 5:12; ב׳ טוב one to whom good is due Pr 3:27, gain Pr 1:19; ב׳ שׂכל one having understanding Pr 16:22; ב׳ השׁחד receiver of the gift Pr 17:8. husband Gn 20:3 Ex 21:3, 32 (E) Dt 22:22; 24:4 2 S 11:26 Jo 1:8 Pr 12:4; 31:11, 23, 28 Est 1:17, 20; בַּעְלִי Ho 2:18 (my Baal, reference to the divine name used in the northern kingdom, here for the first time forbidden). citizens, inhabitants: בַּעֲלֵי of Jericho Jos 24:11 (E), of the high places of Arnon Nu 21:28 (E), of Shechem Ju 9:2 + 12 times, of the tower of Shechem Ju 9:46, 47, of the city Ju 9:51, of Gibeah Ju 20:5, of Keilah 1 S 23:11, 12, of Jabesh 2 S 21:12. rulers, lords: בַּעֲלֵי גוֹיִם Is 16:8. n. of relation: בַּעַל: ב׳ החלמות dreamer Gn 37:19 (E); ב׳ דברים whosoever hath cases, complaints Ex 24:14 (E); ב׳ שׂער an hairy man 2 K 1:8; ב׳ חמה wrathful Na 1:2 Pr 29:22; ב׳ אף one given to anger Pr 22:24; ב׳ החכמה one having wisdom Ec 7:12; ב׳ משׁחית destroyer Pr 18:9; ב׳ כנף winged thing, bird Pr 1:17 Ec 10:20; ב׳ נפשׁ one given to appetite Pr 23:2; ב׳ מזמות mischievous person Pr 24:8; ב׳ הלשׁון charmer Ec 10:11; ב׳ רשׁע one given to wickedness Ec 8:8; ב׳ פיפיות double-edged Is 41:15; ב׳ משׁפט adversary Is 50:8; ב׳ פקדת captain of the ward Je 37:13; ב׳ הקרנים two-horned Dn 8:6, 20. בַּעֲלֵי: בּ׳ בְּרִית confederates Gn 14:13; ב׳ חצים archers Gn 49:23 (poet.) ב׳ הפרשׁים horsemen 2 S 1:6; ב׳ שׁבועה conspirators Ne 6:18; ב׳ אספות members of assemblies; or well-grouped sayings; or collectors (of wise sentences) Ec 12:11.—On 2 S 6:2 v. ii. בַּעֲלָה. (בַּעַל in Hex not J or P; בעל Lv 21:4 𝔊 ἐξάπινα = כבלּע Nu 4:20: Di בְּאֵבֶל). lord, specif. as divine name, †Baal. without article: במות בעל Nu 22:41 (poet. Balaam); בעל פעור Nu 25:3, 5 (E) Dt 4:3 (vid. below). This divine name is not used elsewhere in Hex. It probably originated from the sense of divine ownership, rather than sovereignty (RSSem 92). It seems to have been used in Northern Israel = אדון in the South. It was the special name of the God of the Canaanites, Philistines, etc., = Babylonian בֵּל, cf. SchrSK 1874, 335 ff. In later times scribes substituted בֹּשֶׁת, in n.pr. (ירבשׁת = ירבעל, אשׁבשׁת = אשׁבעל, vid. בֹּשֶׁת, GeiZMG 1862, 728 ff.), & also in the text for בעל Ho 9:10 Je 11:13 (hence ἡ βάαλ Je 2:23; 7:9; 11:13, 17; 19:5 Ho 2:10; 13:1 +, Rom 11:4, see DiBaal mit d. weib. Artikel, MBA 1881, June 16 Dr 2 S 4:4). c. art.: הַבַּעַל Ju 2:13; 6:25, 28, 30, 31, 32 1 K 16:31, 32(×2); 18:19, 21, 22, 25, 26(×2), 40; 19:18; 22:54 2 K 3:2; 10:18, 19(×2), 20, 21(×3), 22, 23(×3), 25, 26, 27(×2), 28; 11:18(×2); 17:16; 21:3; 23:4, 5 2 Ch 23:17(×2) Je 2:8; 7:9; 11:13, 17; 12:16; 19:5(×2); 23:13, 27; 32:29, 35 Ho 2:10; 13:1 Zp 1:4. הַבְּעָלִים emphatic pl. (cf. האלהים, האדונים) the great lord, the sovereign owner Ju 2:11; 3:7; 8:33; 10:6, 10 1 S 7:4; 12:10 1 K 18:18 2 Ch 17:3; 24:7; 28:2; 33:3; 34:4 Je 2:23; 9:13 Ho 2:15, 19; 11:2 (or local special Baʿals, vid. DrSm. p. 50; pillars of Baal MV). c. attrib.: בַּעַל בְּרִית Lord of covenant Ju 8:33; 9:4 (cf. אל ברית 9:46; NöZMG 1888, 478); ב׳ זְבוּב Lord of flies 2 K 1:2, 3, 6, 16, Philistine god, 𝔊 Βααλ μυῖαν (Beelzebub, Mt 12:24) cf. BaeRel. 25.