חֹדֶשׁ

n.m. Gn 7:11 (f. MT 38:24 but m. Sam Di) (newness), new moon, month (on format. cf. LgBN 144; on usage, names, etc., Muss-ArnoltJBL 1892, 72 ff., 160 ff.)—ח׳ abs. Gn 7:11 +; cstr. (rare) Gn 29:14 +; sf. חָדְשׁוֹ Nu 28:14 + 2 times; חָדְשָׁהּ Ho 2:13 Je 2:24; pl. חֳדָשִׁים Gn 38:24 +; cstr. חָדְשֵׁי Ex 12:2 + 2 times; sf. חֳדָשָׁיו Jb 14:5 + 2 times; חָדְשֵׁיכֶם Is 1:14 Nu 28:11; חָדְשֵׁכֶם Nu 10:10;— new moon=day, time, of new moon, as religious festival 1 S 20:5, 18, 24, 27, 34 (Dr); cf. יֹאכְלֵם ח׳ Ho 5:7 a new moon shall devour them, Hi St VB, but on text v. We; usually ‖ שַׁבָּת Am 8:5 2 K 4:23 Is 1:13 (+קְרֹא מִקְרָא), מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ 66:23, Ez 46:1, 6 (both יוֹם הַח׳), 1 Ch 23:31 2 Ch 2:3; 8:13; 31:3 Ne 10:34 (all + מוֹעֵד), Ho 2:13 Ez 45:17 (both + חג, מועד); ‖ מוֹעֵד alone Is 1:14 Ez 3:5; ‖ יוֹם חַגֵּנוּ ψ 81:4; (cf. רֹאשׁ הַח׳ Nu 10:10; 28:11; on religious observance of new moon cf. Di Lv p. 578 f BenzArchäol. § 69); as time of augury in Babylon (astrolog. prognost.) Is 47:13. month (as beginning with new moon, lunar month; cf. BenzArchäol. § 30, but then, without ref. to day of beginning): as measure of time during which Gn 38:24 (J), Nu 11:20, 21 (JE), 9:22 (P), Ju 11:37, 38, 39; 20:47 1 S 6:1; 27:7 2 S 2:11; 5:5; 6:11; 24:8, 13 = 1 Ch 21:12, Am 4:7 1 K 4:7; 5:7, 28(×3); 11:16 2 K 15:8; 23:31; 24:8 Ez 39:12, 14 1 Ch 3:4; 13:14 2 Ch 36:2, 9 Est 2:12(×3). In 1 S 10:27 b read prob. כְּמֵחֹרֶשׁ for MT כמחרישׁ, and join to 11:1, so 𝔊 We Dr (cf. Gn 38:24); in combinatios, ח׳ יָמִים a month (of) time (cf. יֶרַח ימים Dt 21:1 2 K 15:23) Gn 29:14 (J), Nu 11:20, 26 (JE), ימים ארבעה ח׳ Ju 19:2; of age מִסְפַּר־ח׳ number of his months=length of his life Jb 14:5; 21:21; cf. especially בֶּן־ח׳ Lv 27:6 Nu 3:15, 22, 28, 34, 39, 40, 43; 18:16; 26:62 (all P). calendar months, †(1) with names ח׳ הָאָבִיב Ex 13:4; 23:15; 34:18(×2) (all JE; = 1st mo. 12:2 P), Dt 16:11; ח׳ זִו 1 K 6:1 (=2nd mo. ib.;=יֶרַח זִו v 37); cf. 8:2 (הַח׳ הַשְּׁבִיעִי = יֶרַח הָאֵתָנִים), 6:38 (הַח׳ הַשְּׁמִינִי = יֶרַח בּוּל); in the postex. books occur Babyl. names (v. the several words):—ח׳ נִיסָן Ne 2:1 Est 3:7 (= 1st mo. Est 3:7); ח׳ סִיוָן Est 8:9=3rd mo.; ח׳ כִּסְלֵו Zc 7:1 Ne 1:1 (=9th mo. Zc 7:1); ח׳ טֵבֵ֑ת Est 2:16=10th mo.; ח׳ שְׁבָט Zc 1:7=11th mo.; ח׳ אֲדָר Est 3:7, 13; 8:12; 9:1 in all=12th mo., 9:15, 17, 19, 21; (cf. also אֱלוּל Ne 6:15, without ח׳ or יֶרַח; this was 6th mo.; v. further SchrCOT Ne 1:1 Benzl.c.).† (2) merely numbered (chiefly P and late) e.g. בַּח׳ הַשֵּׁנִי Gn 7:11, cf. 8:4, 5, 14 Lv 16:29 Nu 1:1, 18 (all P) + often P; Dt 1:3 (P), 1 K 12:32, 33; 2 K 25:1, 3, 8, 25, 27 Je 1:3 + 11 times Je, Ez 24:1; 32:1 Hg 1:1, 15 Zc 1:1; 7:1, 3; 1 Ch 12:15, cf. entire list 27:2–15 2 Ch 3:2 + 12 times 2 Ch; Ezr 3:1 + 10 times Ezr; Ne 7:72; 8:2, 14 Est 3:12; note especially הַח׳ הַזֶּה לָכֶם רֹאשׁ חָדָשִׁ֑ים רִאשׁוֹן הוּא לָכֶם Ex 12:2 (P), as implying that the 1st mo. was formerly not in the spring; observe also usage of omitting ח׳, e.g. בָּרִאשׁוֹן = בַּח׳ הָר׳ Gn 8:13, cf. v 5; so commonly in Ezek.:—Ez 1:1; 8:1; 20:1; 29:1, 17; 30:20; 31:1; 33:21; 45:18, 21, 25 + 26:1; 32:17; 45:20 Co(ח׳ sometimes expr., v. Ez 24:1; 32:1 supr.; on like usage with יום v. יום). (3) special phrases and usages are:— †עֹלַת חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ לְחָדְשֵׁי שָׁנָה Nu 28:14 (P; cf. יום, and Is 66:23 supr. 1); מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם וּמֵחֹדֶשׁ לְחֹדֶשׁ Est 3:7 from day to day and from month to month; חָדְשָׁהּ Je 2:24 of wild she-ass’s mating time.†