Joint Diacritization, Lemmatization, Normalization, and Fine-Grained Morphological Tagging
What it is about
Arabic lemmas and diacritized forms are open-vocabulary and best modelled on characters, while POS and the fourteen closed features are word-level tags. The authors combine both in one sequence-to-sequence model. A shared bidirectional encoder over characters feeds two character decoders, one for lemmas and one for diacritized forms, and it shares its embeddings with a word-level multitask tagger for the closed features. The decoders are conditioned on the predicted tags, and gradients from the decoders do not flow back into the tagger, which proved unstable. The same decoder learns CODA normalization of dialectal Egyptian spelling. The abstract reports 20% relative error reduction for MSA and 11% for Egyptian over separate per-feature models. In the results table, full analysis accuracy for MSA reaches 92.3, against 85.6 for MADAMIRA.
Ideas
- I1. Orthographic normalization as a table: the decoder learns to map non-standard spellings to a conventional form. For Hebrew, the analogue is plene and defective spelling (matres lectionis) in unpointed text. A deterministic normalization table in
tools/hbocould run before lemma lookup, measured against a gold list frommacula dict. - I2. A feature-consistency validator: the paper counts an analysis as inconsistent when its features cannot co-occur (case on a verb, a lemma that disagrees with the tags). Writing the impossible UD feature combinations for Biblical Hebrew as a Rust table gives a count of violations for
tools/macula compareoutput. - I3. A stop-gradient rule for any neural step in
tools/hbothat joins a word-level tagger to a character-level part: the paper found that backpropagating across that boundary made training unstable.
For Mova
I1 goes into 1. Script and pointing and tools/hbo. I2 goes into tools/macula compare and The verb for the verb constraints. I3 is a training rule for tools/hbo, if and where a joint neural model is used.
Cite
@inproceedings{zalmout2020joint,
title = {{Joint Diacritization, Lemmatization, Normalization, and Fine-Grained Morphological Tagging}},
author = {Zalmout, Nasser and Habash, Nizar},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
year = {2020},
doi = {10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.736},
url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.736}
}References
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