Semitic languages Hebrew and Aramaic belong to the Semitic family, with Arabic, Akkadian, Ugaritic, Ge'ez, Amharic and Maltese. They share the root-and-pattern build of their words — three consonants carry the meaning, vowel patterns and affixes carry the grammar — and much of their syntax. These cards cover comparative Semitic grammar and the NLP of the Semitic languages: roots, templates, segmentation, diacritization, agreement, treebanks and parsers.
Mova takes from them what bears on Hebrew and Aramaic: how to find roots, how to cut a written word into its parts, and how other Semitic languages solved the problems Hebrew poses.
147 pages
acl-2019-zalmout-adversarial-multitask-learning-joint-multi Adversarial Multitask Learning for Joint Multi-Feature and Multi-Dialect Morphological Modeling acl-2020-alqahtani-multitask-learning-approach-diacritic-restoration A Multitask Learning Approach for Diacritic Restoration acl-2020-zalmout-joint-diacritization-lemmatization-normalization-fine Joint Diacritization, Lemmatization, Normalization, and Fine-Grained Morphological Tagging acl-2021-qin-improving-arabic-diacritization-regularized-decoding Improving Arabic Diacritization with Regularized Decoding and Adversarial Training acl-2024-kheir-beyond-orthography-automatic-recovery-short Beyond Orthography: Automatic Recovery of Short Vowels and Dialectal Sounds in Arabic aclbulk-1988-kataja-finite-state-description-semitic-morphology Finite-state Description of Semitic Morphology: A Case Study of Ancient Accadian aclbulk-1998-barthelemy-morphological-analyzer-akkadian-verbal-forms A Morphological Analyzer for Akkadian Verbal Forms with a Model of Phonetic Transformations aclbulk-1998-beesley-arabic-morphology-only-finite-state Arabic Morphology Using Only Finite-State Operations aclbulk-1998-smets-paradigmatic-treatment-arabic-morphology Paradigmatic Treatment of Arabic Morphology aclbulk-2000-roeck-morphologically-sensitive-clustering-algorithm-identifying A Morphologically Sensitive Clustering Algorithm for Identifying Arabic Roots aclbulk-2002-darwish-building-shallow-arabic-morphological-analyser Building a Shallow Arabic Morphological Analyser in One Day aclbulk-2002-macks-parsing-akkadian-verbs-prolog Parsing Akkadian Verbs with Prolog aclbulk-2004-buckwalter-issues-arabic-orthography-morphology-analysis Issues in Arabic Orthography and Morphology Analysis aclbulk-2004-goweder-identifying-broken-plurals-unvowelised-arabic Identifying Broken Plurals in Unvowelised Arabic Text aclbulk-2005-habash-arabic-tokenization-part-speech-tagging Arabic Tokenization, Part-of-Speech Tagging and Morphological Disambiguation in One Fell Swoop aclbulk-2005-habash-morphological-analysis-generation-arabic-dialects Morphological Analysis and Generation for Arabic Dialects aclbulk-2005-marsi-memory-based-morphological-analysis-generation Memory-Based Morphological Analysis Generation and Part-of-Speech Tagging of Arabic aclbulk-2005-nelken-arabic-diacritization-weighted-finite-state Arabic Diacritization Using Weighted Finite-State Transducers aclbulk-2006-chiang-parsing-arabic-dialects Parsing Arabic Dialects aclbulk-2006-habash-magead-morphological-analyzer-generator-arabic MAGEAD: A Morphological Analyzer and Generator for the Arabic Dialects aclbulk-2006-smrz-tips-tricks-prague-arabic-dependency Tips and Tricks of the Prague Arabic Dependency Treebank aclbulk-2006-zitouni-maximum-entropy-based-restoration-arabic Maximum Entropy Based Restoration of Arabic Diacritics aclbulk-2007-habash-arabic-diacritization-through-full-morphological Arabic Diacritization through Full Morphological Tagging aclbulk-2007-smrz-elixirfm-implementation-functional-arabic-morphology ElixirFM – Implementation of Functional Arabic Morphology aclbulk-2008-gabbard-construct-state-modification-arabic-treebank Construct State Modification in the Arabic Treebank aclbulk-2008-roth-arabic-morphological-tagging-diacritization-lemmatization Arabic Morphological Tagging, Diacritization, and Lemmatization Using Lexeme Models and Feature Ranking aclbulk-2009-barthelemy-karamel-system-semitic-languages-structured The Karamel System and Semitic Languages: Structured Multi-Tiered Morphology aclbulk-2009-barthelemy-une-description-morphologique-structuree-en Une description morphologique structurée en arbre du verbe akkadien qui utilise des structures de traits et des transducteurs multirubans [A Tree-Structured morphological description of the Akkadian verb which uses Feature Structures and Multi-tape Transducers] aclbulk-2009-habash-catib-columbia-arabic-treebank CATiB: The Columbia Arabic Treebank aclbulk-2010-alotaiby-clitics-arabic-language-statistical-study Clitics in Arabic Language: A Statistical Study aclbulk-2010-green-better-arabic-parsing-baselines-evaluations Better Arabic Parsing: Baselines, Evaluations, and Analysis aclbulk-2010-kulick-simultaneous-tokenization-part-speech-tagging Simultaneous Tokenization and Part-Of-Speech Tagging for Arabic without a Morphological Analyzer aclbulk-2010-marton-improving-arabic-dependency-parsing-lexical Improving Arabic Dependency Parsing with Lexical and Inflectional Morphological Features aclbulk-2011-alkuhlani-corpus-modeling-morpho-syntactic-agreement A Corpus for Modeling Morpho-Syntactic Agreement in Arabic: Gender, Number and Rationality aclbulk-2011-attia-open-source-finite-state-morphological An Open-Source Finite State Morphological Transducer for Modern Standard Arabic aclbulk-2011-dehdari-morphological-features-parsing-morphologically-rich Morphological Features for Parsing Morphologically-rich Languages: A Case of Arabic aclbulk-2011-marton-improving-arabic-dependency-parsing-form Improving Arabic Dependency Parsing with Form-based and Functional Morphological Features aclbulk-2012-alkuhlani-identifying-broken-plurals-irregular-gender Identifying Broken Plurals, Irregular Gender, and Rationality in Arabic Text aclbulk-2012-hulden-conversion-procedural-morphologies-finite-state Conversion of Procedural Morphologies to Finite-State Morphologies: A Case Study of Arabic aclbulk-2012-stallard-unsupervised-morphology-rivals-supervised-morphology Unsupervised Morphology Rivals Supervised Morphology for Arabic MT aclbulk-2012-zaraket-arabic-morphological-analyzer-agglutinative-affix Arabic Morphological Analyzer with Agglutinative Affix Morphemes and Fusional Concatenation Rules aclbulk-2013-tratz-cross-task-flexible-transition-model A Cross-Task Flexible Transition Model for Arabic Tokenization, Affix Detection, Affix Labeling, POS Tagging, and Dependency Parsing aclbulk-2015-belinkov-arabic-diacritization-recurrent-neural-networks Arabic Diacritization with Recurrent Neural Networks aclbulk-2015-shahrour-improving-arabic-diacritization-through-syntactic Improving Arabic Diacritization through Syntactic Analysis aclbulk-2016-abdelali-farasa-fast-furious-segmenter-arabic Farasa: A Fast and Furious Segmenter for Arabic aclbulk-2016-shahrour-camelparser-system-arabic-syntactic-analysis CamelParser: A system for Arabic Syntactic Analysis and Morphological Disambiguation aclbulk-2017-borg-morphological-analysis-maltese-language-challenges Morphological Analysis for the Maltese Language: The challenges of a hybrid system aclbulk-2017-darwish-arabic-diacritization-stats-rules-hacks Arabic Diacritization: Stats, Rules, and Hacks aclbulk-2017-sajjad-challenging-language-dependent-segmentation-arabic Challenging Language-Dependent Segmentation for Arabic: An Application to Machine Translation and Part-of-Speech Tagging aclbulk-2017-samih-neural-architecture-dialectal-arabic-segmentation A Neural Architecture for Dialectal Arabic Segmentation aclbulk-2017-zalmout-don-t-throw-those-morphological Don't Throw Those Morphological Analyzers Away Just Yet: Neural Morphological Disambiguation for Arabic aclbulk-2018-batita-derivational-relations-arabic-wordnet Derivational Relations in Arabic WordNet aclbulk-2018-issa-opennmt-model-arabic-broken-plurals An OpenNMT Model to Arabic Broken Plurals aclbulk-2018-shapiro-morphological-word-embeddings-arabic-neural Morphological Word Embeddings for Arabic Neural Machine Translation in Low-Resource Settings aclbulk-2018-taji-arabic-morphological-analyzer-generator-copious An Arabic Morphological Analyzer and Generator with Copious Features aclbulk-2019-alshargi-morphologically-annotated-corpora-seven-arabic Morphologically Annotated Corpora for Seven Arabic Dialects: Taizi, Sanaani, Najdi, Jordanian, Syrian, Iraqi and Moroccan aclbulk-2019-fadel-neural-arabic-text-diacritization-state Neural Arabic Text Diacritization: State of the Art Results and a Novel Approach for Machine Translation aclbulk-2019-vertan-controlled-semi-automatic-annotation-classical Controlled Semi-automatic Annotation of Classical Ethiopic aclbulk-2020-alkaoud-importance-tokenization-arabic-embedding-models On the Importance of Tokenization in Arabic Embedding Models aclbulk-2020-seyoum-comparing-neural-network-parsers-less Comparing Neural Network Parsers for a Less-resourced and Morphologically-rich Language: Amharic Dependency Parser aclbulk-2020-woldemariam-transfer-learning-less-resourced-semitic Transfer Learning for Less-Resourced Semitic Languages Speech Recognition: the Case of Amharic aclbulk-2022-obeid-camelira-arabic-multi-dialect-morphological Camelira: An Arabic Multi-Dialect Morphological Disambiguator aclbulk-2023-ionov-beyond-concatenative-morphology-applying-ontolex Beyond Concatenative Morphology: Applying OntoLex-Morph to Maltese aclbulk-2023-nayouf-nabra-syrian-arabic-dialects-morphological Nâbra: Syrian Arabic Dialects with Morphological Annotations aclbulk-2024-gidey-morphological-synthesizer-ge-ez-language Morphological Synthesizer for Ge'ez Language: Addressing Morphological Complexity and Resource Limitations aclbulk-2024-khairallah-computational-morphology-lexicography-modeling-modern Computational Morphology and Lexicography Modeling of Modern Standard Arabic Nominals aclbulk-2024-khalifa-picking-up-where-linguist-left Picking Up Where the Linguist Left Off: Mapping Morphology to Phonology through Learning the Residuals aclbulk-2024-mokh-out-domain-dependency-parsing-dialects Out-of-Domain Dependency Parsing for Dialects of Arabic: A Case Study aclbulk-2025-alblooshi-uncertainty-driven-partial-diacritization-arabic Uncertainty-driven Partial Diacritization for Arabic Text aclbulk-2025-gordin-evacun-2025-shared-task-lemmatization EvaCun 2025 Shared Task: Lemmatization and Token Prediction in Akkadian and Sumerian using LLMs aclbulk-2025-marzouk-derivational-chainbank-modern-standard-arabic A Derivational ChainBank for Modern Standard Arabic aclbulk-2025-riemenschneider-beyond-base-predictors-llms-resolve Beyond Base Predictors: Using LLMs to Resolve Ambiguities in Akkadian Lemmatization aclbulk-2026-elshabrawy-parsing-arabic-dialects-revisited-new Parsing Arabic Dialects Revisited: New Benchmarks, Models, and Insights aclbulk-2026-inoue-do-diacritics-matter-evaluating-impact Do Diacritics Matter? Evaluating the Impact of Arabic Diacritics on Tokenization and LLM Benchmarks bank-2004-maamouri-developing-arabic-treebank-methods-guidelines Developing an Arabic Treebank: Methods, Guidelines, Procedures, and Tools bank-2008-maamouri-diacritic-annotation-arabic-treebank-its Diacritic Annotation in the Arabic Treebank and its Impact on Parser Evaluation bank-2010-dukes-syntactic-annotation-guidelines-quranic-arabic Syntactic Annotation Guidelines for the Quranic Arabic Dependency Treebank cl-2013-marton-dependency-parsing-modern-standard-arabic Dependency Parsing of Modern Standard Arabic with Lexical and Inflectional Features cl-2022-esmail-how-much-does-lookahead-matter How Much Does Lookahead Matter for Disambiguation? Partial Arabic Diacritization Case Study coling-2024-elmallah-arabic-diacritization-morphologically-informed-character Arabic Diacritization Using Morphologically Informed Character-Level Model coling-2024-khairallah-camel-morph-msa-large-scale Camel Morph MSA: A Large-Scale Open-Source Morphological Analyzer for Modern Standard Arabic coling-2024-smidt-crossroad-cuneiform-nlp-challenges-fine At the Crossroad of Cuneiform and NLP: Challenges for Fine-grained Part-of-speech Tagging coling-2025-temesgen-cognate-detection-historical-language-reconstruction Cognate Detection for Historical Language Reconstruction of Proto-Sabean Languages: the Case of Ge'ez, Tigrinya, and Amharic coref-2026-wang-tabletcraft-bridging-4-000-year TabletCraft: Bridging a 4,000-Year Cultural Gap with Bidirectional Akkadian NMT and Cuneiform Rendering ctx-2025-saeed-lemmatization-as-classification-task-results Lemmatization as a Classification Task: Results from Arabic across Multiple Genres eacl-2026-mubarak-nahw-comprehensive-benchmark-arabic-grammar Nahw: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Arabic Grammar Understanding, Error Detection, Correction, and Explanation emnlp-2021-lazar-filling-gaps-ancient-akkadian-texts Filling the Gaps in Ancient Akkadian Texts: A Masked Language Modelling Approach findings-2025-teklehaymanot-movoc-morphology-aware-subword-construction MoVoC: Morphology-Aware Subword Construction for Ge'ez Script Languages langstream-2011-kempe-selected-operations-algorithms-applications-n Selected Operations, Algorithms, and Applications of n-Tape Weighted Finite-State Machines langstream-2012-el-shishtawy-accurate-arabic-root-based-lemmatizer An Accurate Arabic Root-Based Lemmatizer for Information Retrieval Purposes langstream-2012-froud-comparative-study-root-based-stem A Comparative Study of Root-Based and Stem-Based Approaches for Measuring the Similarity between Arabic Words langstream-2014-el-shishtawy-lemma-based-evaluator-semitic-language A Lemma Based Evaluator for Semitic Language Text Summarization Systems langstream-2014-martinez-jabalin-comprehensive-computational-model-modern Jabalin: a Comprehensive Computational Model of Modern Standard Arabic Verbal Morphology Based on Traditional Arabic Prosody langstream-2015-botha-probabilistic-modelling-morphologically-rich-languages Probabilistic Modelling of Morphologically Rich Languages langstream-2015-dukes-statistical-parsing-machine-learning-classical Statistical Parsing by Machine Learning from a Classical Arabic Treebank langstream-2017-eldesouki-arabic-multi-dialect-segmentation-bi Arabic Multi-Dialect Segmentation: bi-LSTM-CRF vs. SVM langstream-2017-sakakini-fixing-infix-unsupervised-discovery-root Fixing the Infix: Unsupervised Discovery of Root-and-Pattern Morphology langstream-2019-neme-restoring-arabic-vowels-through-omission Restoring Arabic vowels through omission-tolerant dictionary lookup langstream-2019-taji-arabic-dependency-treebank-travel-domain An Arabic Dependency Treebank in the Travel Domain langstream-2020-fetaya-restoration-fragmentary-babylonian-texts-using Restoration of Fragmentary Babylonian Texts Using Recurrent Neural Networks This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/sem/