Multitiered Nonlinear Morphology Using Multitape Finite Automata: A Case Study on Syriac and Arabic

What it is about

Semitic root-and-pattern morphology, such as the Syriac stems built from the root {ktb} with different patterns and a passive marked by the reflexive prefix, does not fit two-level morphology, which assumes that a surface form is a concatenation of lexical morphemes. Kiraz proposes a multitiered model with three parts: a lexicon split into sublexica (root, pattern, vocalism), a bidirectional rewrite-rule component that maps several lexical tiers onto one surface string, and a morphotactic component written as regular grammars. Lexicon and rules are compiled into multitape finite-state machines, and the examples are Syriac verb measures and Arabic moraic nominals. The paper's comparison with earlier Semitic finite-state work (its section 6) is not summarised here, so no figures are given. The implementation is a research prototype.

Ideas

• I1. Use the Syriac verb table (measures 1 to 3 of {ktb}, active vocalism {ae}, passive vocalism {aa} with the prefix {?et}) as a small hand-checked test set for the Aramaic verb chapter: each form split into root, pattern and vocalism, with the surface form as the expected output.
• I2. Keep root, pattern (including affixes such as the reflexive prefix) and vocalism as separate sublexica, and write the assimilation of the prefix consonant before a root-initial t as an ordered rewrite rule with obligatory and optional contexts, as the paper's formalism does.
• I3. Treat the unwritten vowels of Hebrew as a hidden tier: in unpointed mode, tools/hbo lists the candidate vocalisms for each consonantal root and lets the parser choose among them, rather than fixing one reading in the segmenter.

For Mova

I1 goes into The verb in Biblical Aramaic as a test table. I2 goes into Script and phonology as a rule-ordering note. I3 goes into tools/hbo (unpointed mode), with the verb paradigms checked in The verb. No text from the paper is quoted.

Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

@article{kiraz2000multitiered,
  title = {{Multitiered Nonlinear Morphology Using Multitape Finite Automata: A Case Study on Syriac and Arabic}},
  author = {Kiraz, George Anton},
  journal = {Computational Linguistics},
  year = {2000},
  url = {https://aclanthology.org/J00-1006/}
}

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