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The Complexity of Verbal Semantics — An Intricate Relationship Between Qatal and Wayyiqtol

What it is about

The author reviews four traditional views of how qatal and wayyiqtol relate (identical, opposed, unrelated, similar but distinct) and replaces them with a frequency-weighted "kinetic map" of each form's senses. Every qatal and wayyiqtol in Genesis was classified by sense from context (not from translations), with half points for ambiguous cases. Qatal: taxis senses (present perfect, indefinite perfect, pluperfect, future perfect) make 55.5% (468 cases; pluperfect alone 18.9%), perfective past 26.7%, plus present (stative/resultative), performative and modal uses. Wayyiqtol: perfective past 89.7% (1831 cases), durative past 6%, taxis only 4%. Both are read as waves on the same resultative grammaticalisation path, wayyiqtol the older and further advanced; at the coarsest level qatal is the form of taxis/anteriority and wayyiqtol the form of the perfective past, with about a 90/10 split of each domain between them.

Ideas

For Mova

I1–I3 belong in The verb (qatal, wayyiqtol, the aspect–tense debate) with counts measured on our Torah trees, and in 09-discourse.md for the narrative/speech split; the voice column of tools/macula/src/prag.rs supplies the split. I1 also feeds the English glosses of the Torah dictionary's examples. I2 is a lemma list in 10-lexicon.md.

Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. DOI 10.5508/jhs.2016.v16.a4

@article{andrason2016complexity,
  title = {{The Complexity of Verbal Semantics — An Intricate Relationship Between Qatal and Wayyiqtol}},
  author = {Andrason, Alexander},
  journal = {Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 16},
  year = {2016},
  doi = {10.5508/jhs.2016.v16.a4},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5508/jhs.2016.v16.a4}
}

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