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The Correct Place of Lexical Semantics in Interlingual MT

What it is about

The paper argues that a lexical conceptual structure (LCS) cannot be an interlingua by itself. It contributes to the lexical-semantic level, while the interlingua proper is a text meaning representation (TMR) tied to an ontology. The Mikrokosmos model keeps both: a lexicon whose entries use role names as labels for the arguments of the LCS, and a TMR that comes out of analysis. Two kinds of cross-language mismatch are discussed. One is complex events, where languages describe different parts of the same event (going to a meeting, attending a meeting, being at a meeting; taking a taxi against riding in one). The other is meaning carried by a verb in one language and by an auxiliary or adverb in another, such as phase (begin, continue, finish), modality (must, plan, try) and evidentiality (seem, appear). The authors represent the second kind as features or operators that scope over clauses. The paper is an argument with examples, and the source text is a noisy scan.

Ideas

For Mova

The operator treatment of modality and phase is a direct answer to open problem 4 (function words as features) and to the merge noise in open problem 2. The code is tools/translate (meta.rs, profile.rs) with the clause features in prag. The scan is poor in places, so the counts in I1 to I3 should be checked against the abstract and the text before any design change.

Topics: Machine translation

Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

@inproceedings{levin1994correct,
  title = {{The Correct Place of Lexical Semantics in Interlingual MT}},
  author = {Levin, Lori and Nirenburg, Sergei},
  booktitle = {COLING 1994 Volume 1: The 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  year = {1994},
  url = {https://aclanthology.org/C94-1057/}
}

References

16 references, 0 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

  1. Mikrokosnlos is anlonablo 1o w o r k i n g wilh inconi-l)lole in|i.)rlliatiOli. If IlOl all of lho hlpul condilioiis of lho rules are 1)rosenl, sonlo [inclines will slill be possible, This properly is iniporlanl boCailSO we iilleiid Ill deal with real Io×ls, and we canllol tlol)t~ thai COlil-plote knowledge will he available. In the absence of spot(lie knowledge, Mikrokosinos falls back Oll probabilislic and statistical devices. • An iilil)O)-lalli lilctor ht the design of lho iliicrolheo-ries is iho, idelllilication of forms (above the Ioxical level) lhal are associalod with st)me aSl}Ot:l of moaning by convention, rathe, r than through conlposilional on-prt)(hlclivo rlllos. We l i / l l o w FilhilorO el al., 1988 in adopting lho conslruclion as a basic, unil of al)aly-- sis. lit COllChlSioll, ilOlO how the cxaniplos ill Figilres 2, 3 ~ul(l 4 relalc', It) the al)ovo backgroinld assilniptioils o [ Mikrokosnlos. The o×ainl/les ilhlslrate how SDLS is ilsed ~.IS ~1 SOllrUc c)l chios for various inicrolheorios, inohld-ing lhat of Ioxical-soniaillic dopelidenoy, aspect, nio(lalily, speech acts, olc. ]'lie nlajor lhiding of fills paper is lhal T M R s are not idonlical It) SDLS oulptit slruclilros, hill lhai the latlcr are slill nomess~u+y in Ihat they are essential li)r Ilio oxliiiclion t)f lllOaning [roll( a le×l. ]'lie OXalll-pies also ilhistrale the coniillox iillOracli()li of lhe, wirii)llS cities (llorigllchi 1993). f;or it(sial(co, the Japanese verb DlOl(lll Call sigiial a reqilOsl-acli()n Sl)oech act but olily f i l l appo~us in a spccilic niorpho-synlactic t~nvirolllnOlll 0ioli-pasl, qiloSlion, Slleakor is subjecl, hearer is second object). find
  2. In this onvironlnonl, olhor chios lake t)ll Sllocial lileailings. l:or OXalilplo negation and poiOlllialily serve ollly It) st)f toil tile assertiveness of Ihe ieqileSl. Convolllit)lialily is also ilhislratcd in the abt)vo exalt(pies. Mally of the oxaniplcs illuslraic coilslructiolls lhal ai+o associated will) SClnantio alid llragltlalic nioanhlgs I)y coiivolllioll. We leave tllt~ iSSilOS of ll(ill-Slralilicationalily and working ,,villi inconl-plelo hifornialion It)r fllltlro papers which deal priniarily wilh tile control slrucluro of Mikrokosmos. Another iml)Orlanl Ct)lllribilliOn of this paper is to silg-gosl a l i a m o w o r k in which M T divergoliOOS arc lieu(+ died tlsiiig Ollly 1he liiochaniSlilS Ihal are, noodt',(I for liOll-divergent solllences, ( ) u r l h e o r y l}loclicls that divergences will arise bocailSO the SalllO olclli¢lll of tl/Oaliiiig ill dif-forolll lal)gilages will ilOl Ileeossariiy be expressed will) ist)tnorphic synlax, nlo)])hl, flogy, and lexicai itch(S. Tile MikrokoSllli)S T M R and Iho sot of nlicrothoorios for all lho rolOvalll languages naturally liandlo 1he so-called tli+ vorgencos without any addilional lnecli;,inisnls. ileferences [11 Ihesilan, J. 1982. The Menial llepresenialion of (;ra-inalnlical Ilelalions Canlbridge, MA: MIT l'rcss. 121 Carbenell, J,, T. Milannira and F,. Nyborg. I992. ]'lie KANT MT Project. Ih'()ceedings ol TMI-92. Monheal. find
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