Machine translation Mova translates without a neural network at answer time: a recogniser of the language, a tree, frames, a world, then a meta-world shared by all languages and authors, and back down through the standard stack of the target language, with each author as a small delta over it. These cards cover the work this rests on: interlingua and transfer, tree-to-tree translation and synchronous grammars, rule-based systems, generation from trees and meaning, style and author transfer, Bible translation, and how translation is measured.
Each card names the ideas we take for the translator and what they did on the verse-aligned Bibles, where every block must come back byte for byte.
310 pages
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W. Newman's "Homeric Translation in Theory and Practice" and Arnold's "Last Words" arnold-1988-relaxed-compositionality-machine-translation 'Relaxed' compositionality in machine translation arnold-1991-eurotra-assessment-current-state-ec EUROTRA: an assessment of the current state of the EC's MT programme banarescu-2013-abstract-meaning-representation-sembanking Abstract Meaning Representation for Sembanking banerjee-2005-meteor-automatic-metric-mt-evaluation METEOR: An Automatic Metric for MT Evaluation with Improved Correlation with Human Judgments bannard-2005-paraphrasing-bilingual-parallel-corpora Paraphrasing with Bilingual Parallel Corpora barnett-1991-capturing-language-specific-semantic-distinctions Capturing Language-Specific Semantic Distinctions in Interlingua-based MT barnett-1991-reversible-machine-translation-what-do Reversible Machine Translation: What to Do When the Languages Don't Line Up barzilay-2001-extracting-paraphrases-parallel-corpus Extracting Paraphrases from a Parallel Corpus barzilay-2003-learning-paraphrase-unsupervised-approach-multiple Learning to Paraphrase: An Unsupervised Approach Using Multiple-Sequence Alignment basile-2011-generating-text-discourse-representation-structures Towards Generating Text from Discourse Representation Structures beale-2005-document-authoring-bible-minority-language Document Authoring the Bible for Minority Language Translation beaven-1988-machine-translation-isomorphic-ucgs Machine Translation Using Isomorphic UCGs belz-2011-first-surface-realisation-shared-task The First Surface Realisation Shared Task: Overview and Evaluation Results benjamin-1923-die-aufgabe-des-ubersetzers Die Aufgabe des Übersetzers (The Task of the Translator) bennett-1988-methodological-considerations-metal-project Methodological considerations in the METAL project benson-1739-letters-concerning-poetical-translations Letters Concerning Poetical Translations, and Virgil's and Milton's Arts of Verse berka-2012-automatic-mt-error-analysis-hjerson Automatic MT Error Analysis: Hjerson Helping Addicter bertos-2023-biblical-translation-do-different-strategies Biblical translation: do different strategies produce divergent texts? bick-2007-danish-as-cg-interlingua-wide Using Danish as a CG Interlingua: A Wide-Coverage Norwegian-English Machine Translation System birch-2016-hume-human-ucca-based-evaluation HUME: Human UCCA-Based Evaluation of Machine Translation boguslavsky-2000-creating-universal-networking-language-module Creating a Universal Networking Language Module within an Advanced NLP System bohnet-2010-broad-coverage-multilingual-deep-sentence Broad Coverage Multilingual Deep Sentence Generation with a Stochastic Multi-Level Realizer bohnet-2012-generating-non-projective-word-order Generating Non-Projective Word Order in Statistical Linearization boitet-1982-implementation-conversational-environment-ariane-78 Implementation and Conversational Environment of ARIANE 78.4, An Integrated System for Automated Translation and Human Revision bojar-2008-phrase-based-deep-syntactic-english Phrase-Based and Deep Syntactic English-to-Czech Statistical Machine Translation bollmann-2011-rule-based-normalization-historical-texts Rule-Based Normalization of Historical Texts bollmann-2019-large-scale-comparison-historical-text A Large-Scale Comparison of Historical Text Normalization Systems bond-2016-cili-collaborative-interlingual-index CILI: the Collaborative Interlingual Index bonn-2023-mapping-amr-umr-resources-adapting Mapping AMR to UMR: Resources for Adapting Existing Corpora for Cross-Lingual Compatibility bonn-2023-umr-annotation-multiword-expressions UMR Annotation of Multiword Expressions bos-2016-squib-expressive-power-abstract-meaning Squib: Expressive Power of Abstract Meaning Representations briakou-2021-evaluating-evaluation-metrics-style-transfer Evaluating the Evaluation Metrics for Style Transfer: A Case Study in Multilingual Formality Transfer butler-2016-deterministic-natural-language-generation-meaning Deterministic natural language generation from meaning representations for machine translation callaway-2005-types-distributions-errors-wide-coverage The Types and Distributions of Errors in a Wide Coverage Surface Realizer Evaluation cao-2019-factorising-amr-generation-through-syntax Factorising AMR generation through syntax carbonell-1992-kant-perspective-critique-pure-transfer The KANT perspective: a critique of pure transfer (and pure interlingua, pure statistics, .. ) carlson-1994-representing-text-meaning-multilingual-knowledge Representing Text Meaning for Multilingual Knowledge-Based Machine Translation carlson-2017-evaluating-prose-style-transfer-bible Evaluating prose style transfer with the Bible cartagena-2011-integrating-shallow-transfer-rules-into Integrating shallow-transfer rules into phrase-based statistical machine translation chen-2017-unsupervised-amr-dependency-parse-alignment Unsupervised AMR-Dependency Parse Alignment chiang-2005-hierarchical-phrase-based-model-statistical A Hierarchical Phrase-Based Model for Statistical Machine Translation chiang-2007-hierarchical-phrase-based-translation Hierarchical Phrase-Based Translation chiang-2010-learning-translate-source-target-syntax Learning to Translate with Source and Target Syntax cmejrek-2003-czech-english-dependency-tree-based Czech-English Dependency Tree-based Machine Translation coleman-2024-llm-assisted-rule-based-machine LLM-Assisted Rule Based Machine Translation for Low/No-Resource Languages copestake-1995-translation-minimal-recursion-semantics Translation using Minimal Recursion Semantics cuscito-2024-bert-speaks-shakespearean-english-evaluating How BERT Speaks Shakespearean English? Evaluating Historical Bias in Contextual Language Models czulo-2017-crossroads-between-contrastive-linguistics Crossroads between contrastive linguistics, translation studies and machine translation: TC3-II deng-2017-translation-divergences-chinese-english-machine Translation Divergences in Chinese–English Machine Translation: An Empirical Investigation diaz-2020-survey-qualitative-error-analysis-neural A Survey of Qualitative Error Analysis for Neural Machine Translation Systems ding-2005-machine-translation-probabilistic-synchronous-dependency Machine Translation Using Probabilistic Synchronous Dependency Insertion Grammars domingo-2018-spelling-normalization-historical-documents-machine Spelling Normalization of Historical Documents by Using a Machine Translation Approach donatelli-2018-annotation-tense-aspect-semantics-sentential Annotation of Tense and Aspect Semantics for Sentential AMR dorna-1998-syntactic-semantic-transfer-f-structures Syntactic and Semantic Transfer with F-Structures dorr-1990-solving-thematic-divergences-machine-translation Solving Thematic Divergences in Machine Translation dorr-1992-parameterization-interlingua-machine-translation Parameterization of the Interlingua in Machine Translation dorr-1994-machine-translation-divergences-formal-description Machine Translation Divergences: A Formal Description and Proposed Solution dorr-1997-compact-monotonically-compositional-interlingua-lexical Toward compact monotonically compositional interlingua using lexical aspect dryden-1900-essays-john-dryden Essays of John Dryden (ed. W. P. Ker): the Preface to Ovid's Epistles (1680) and the Dedication of the Aeneis (1697) dusek-2012-formemes-english-czech-deep-syntactic Formemes in English-Czech Deep Syntactic MT dymetman-1991-inherently-reversible-grammars-logic-programming Inherently Reversible Grammars, Logic Programming and Computability eder-2021-acquiring-formality-informed-lexical-resource Acquiring a Formality-Informed Lexical Resource for Style Analysis edmonds-1998-translating-near-synonyms-possibilities-preferences Translating near-synonyms: Possibilities and preferences in the interlingua eisner-2003-learning-non-isomorphic-tree-mappings Learning Non-Isomorphic Tree Mappings for Machine Translation elder-2019-designing-symbolic-intermediate-representation-neural Designing a Symbolic Intermediate Representation for Neural Surface Realization elhadad-1996-overview-surge-reusable-comprehensive-syntactic An Overview of SURGE: a Reusable Comprehensive Syntactic Realization Component farwell-1997-representing-language-specific-information-interlingua On representing language-specific information in interlingua ferreira-2017-linguistic-realisation-as-machine-translation Linguistic realisation as machine translation: Comparing different MT models for AMR-to-text generation fishel-2013-ranking-translations-error-analysis-quality Ranking Translations using Error Analysis and Quality Estimation fisher-2024-styleremix-interpretable-authorship-obfuscation-distillation StyleRemix: Interpretable Authorship Obfuscation via Distillation and Perturbation of Style Elements flanigan-2016-generation-abstract-meaning-representation-tree Generation from Abstract Meaning Representation using Tree Transducers flickinger-2005-sem-i-rational-mt-enriching SEM-I Rational MT: Enriching Deep Grammars with a Semantic Interface for Scalable Machine Translation forcada-2009-apertium-machine-translation-platform-five The Apertium machine translation platform: Five years on forcada-2016-apertium-free-open-source-platform Apertium: a free/open source platform for machine translation and basic language technology freitag-2021-experts-errors-context-large-scale Experts, Errors, and Context: A Large-Scale Study of Human Evaluation for Machine Translation freitag-2022-results-wmt22-metrics-shared-task Results of WMT22 Metrics Shared Task: Stop Using BLEU – Neural Metrics Are Better and More Robust galley-2004-what-s-translation-rule What's in a translation rule? galley-2006-scalable-inference-training-context-rich Scalable Inference and Training of Context-Rich Syntactic Translation Models gamba-2025-bootstrapping-umrs-universal-dependencies-scalable Bootstrapping UMRs from Universal Dependencies for Scalable Multilingual Annotation gamon-2002-machine-learned-contexts-linguistic-operations Machine-learned contexts for linguistic operations in German sentence realization ganitkevitch-2013-ppdb-paraphrase-database PPDB: The Paraphrase Database gao-2026-modular-neural-machine-translation-semantic Modular Neural Machine Translation with a Semantic Pivot - Pilot Study Using AMR gardent-2017-webnlg-challenge-generating-text-rdf The WebNLG Challenge: Generating Text from RDF Data gekhman-2020-kobe-knowledge-based-machine-translation KoBE: Knowledge-Based Machine Translation Evaluation gerstenberger-2025-rule-based-surface-realization-romanian Rule-based Surface Realization of Romanian Weak Pronouns gimenez-2008-heterogeneous-automatic-mt-error-analysis Towards Heterogeneous Automatic MT Error Analysis This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/mtrans/