DRS at MRP 2020: Dressing up Discourse Representation Structures as Graphs

What it is about

DRSs are nested boxes, but the 2020 shared task needed directed labelled graphs, so the authors describe how a DRS can be turned into a graph. They characterise thirteen encodings. They differ in how box membership is shown (implicit or explicit), whether nodes or edges carry the concepts, and whether argument positions are marked with extra labels. Encodings are compared through the maximum common edge subgraph score against gold graphs from the PMB. The chosen encoding is lossy but has at least 23% fewer edges than the alternatives, and it keeps explicit box membership for predicates while the in-box relation is left implicit. All 885 gold DRSs of the development set convert without error. A few parser outputs with inconsistent senses cannot be converted, because the lossy step rejects them.

Ideas

• I1. Compare meta-world encodings by the score they give, not by size alone: write the meta-world as a graph with and without explicit scope, and score a parser's output against gold with the same MCES-style tool.
• I2. Accept a lossy encoding only where the round trip is exact on gold. In exact mode the encoder should refuse a lossy step. The paper's practice of checking convertibility on all gold data is a check to copy.
• I3. Count edges per encoding on the verse set. The 23% saving is a number to reproduce on Mova's world before adopting a larger encoding.

For Mova

The code is tools/translate in exact mode and the meta-world encoding. Explicit against implicit box membership is the same question as open problem 4 (boundaries and function words as features rather than tokens), so I1 is a way to settle it by score. The graph format itself is not for Mova.

Topics: Discourse analysis · Machine translation

Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. DOI 10.18653/v1/2020.conll-shared.2

@inproceedings{abzianidze2020drs,
  title = {{DRS at MRP 2020: Dressing up Discourse Representation Structures as Graphs}},
  author = {Abzianidze, Lasha and Bos, Johan and Oepen, Stephan},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the CoNLL 2020 Shared Task: Cross-Framework Meaning Representation Parsing},
  year = {2020},
  doi = {10.18653/v1/2020.conll-shared.2},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.conll-shared.2}
}

References

32 references, 5 of them with a card of ours. ↗ leads to the work, «find» searches for one we have no id for yet.

1. Omri Abend and Ari Rappoport. 2013. UCCA: A semantics-based grammatical annotation scheme. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Semantics (IWCS 2013) – Long Papers, pages 1–12, Potsdam, Germany. Association for Computational Linguistics. find
2. Jan Hajič, Eva Hajičová, Jarmila Panevová, Petr Sgall, Ondřej Bojar, Silvie Cinková, Eva Fučı́ková, Marie Mikulová, Petr Pajas, Jan Popelka, Jiřı́ Semecký, Jana Šindlerová, Jan Štěpánek, Josef Toman, Zdeňka Urešová, and Zdeněk Žabokrtský. 2012. Announcing Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank 2.0. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’12), pages 3153–3160, Istanbul, Turkey. European Language Resources Association (ELRA). find
3. Lasha Abzianidze, Johannes Bjerva, Kilian Evang, Hessel Haagsma, Rik van Noord, Pierre Ludmann, Duc-Duy Nguyen, and Johan Bos. 2017. The Parallel Meaning Bank: Towards a multilingual corpus of translations annotated with compositional meaning representations. In Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Volume 2, Short Papers, pages 242–247, Valencia, Spain. Association for Computational Linguistics. find our card
4. Irene Heim. 1982. The Semantics of Definite and Indefinite Noun Phrases. Ph.D. thesis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. find
5. Daniel Hershcovich, Zohar Aizenbud, Leshem Choshen, Elior Sulem, Ari Rappoport, and Omri Abend. 2019. SemEval-2019 task 1: Cross-lingual semantic parsing with UCCA. In Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, pages 1–10, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics. ↗
6. Lasha Abzianidze, Rik van Noord, Hessel Haagsma, and Johan Bos. 2019. The first shared task on discourse representation structure parsing. In Proceedings of the IWCS Shared Task on Semantic Parsing, Gothenburg, Sweden. Association for Computational Linguistics. find our card
7. N. Asher and A. Lascarides. 2003. Logics of conversation. Studies in natural language processing. Cambridge University Press. find
8. Hans Kamp. 1981. A theory of truth and semantic representation. In J. A. G. Groenendijk, T. M. V. Janssen, and M. B. J. Stokhof, editors, Formal Methods in the Study of Language, volume 1, pages 277– 322. Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam. find
9. Laura Banarescu, Claire Bonial, Shu Cai, Madalina Georgescu, Kira Griffitt, Ulf Hermjakob, Kevin Knight, Philipp Koehn, Martha Palmer, and Nathan Schneider. 2013. Abstract Meaning Representation for sembanking. In Proceedings of the 7th Linguistic Annotation Workshop and Interoperability with Discourse, pages 178–186, Sofia, Bulgaria. Association for Computational Linguistics. find our card
10. Hans Kamp and Uwe Reyle. 1993. From Discourse to Logic; An Introduction to Modeltheoretic Semantics of Natural Language, Formal Logic and DRT. Kluwer, Dordrecht. find
11. Jiangming Liu, Shay B. Cohen, and Mirella Lapata. 2018. Discourse representation structure parsing. In Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pages 429–439, Melbourne, Australia. Association for Computational Linguistics. find
12. Valerio Basile and Johan Bos. 2013. Aligning formal meaning representations with surface strings for wide-coverage text generation. In Proceedings of the 14th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation, pages 1–9, Sofia, Bulgaria. Association for Computational Linguistics. find
13. Jonathan May. 2016. SemEval-2016 task 8: Meaning representation parsing. In Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2016), pages 1063–1073, San Diego, California. Association for Computational Linguistics. find
14. Claire Bonial, William J. Corvey, Martha Palmer, Volha Petukhova, and Harry Bunt. 2011. A hierarchical unification of LIRICS and VerbNet semantic roles. In Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC 2011), pages 483–489. find
15. Jonathan May and Jay Priyadarshi. 2017. SemEval-2017 task 9: Abstract Meaning Representation parsing and generation. In Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2017), pages 536–545, Vancouver, Canada. Association for Computational Linguistics. find
16. Johan Bos. 2008. Wide-Coverage Semantic Analysis with Boxer. In Johan Bos and Rodolfo Delmonte, editors, Semantics in Text Processing. STEP 2008 Conference Proceedings, volume 1 of Research in Computational Semantics, pages 277–286. College Publications. find
17. George A Miller. 1995. Wordnet: a lexical database for english. Communications of the ACM, 38(11):39– 41. ↗ our card
18. Johan Bos, Valerio Basile, Kilian Evang, Noortje Venhuizen, and Johannes Bjerva. 2017. The Groningen Meaning Bank. In Nancy Ide and James Pustejovsky, editors, Handbook of Linguistic Annotation. Springer Netherlands. ↗
19. Rik van Noord, Lasha Abzianidze, Hessel Haagsma, and Johan Bos. 2018a. Evaluating scoped meaning representations. In Proceedings of the Eleventh Petr Sgall, Eva Hajičová, and Jarmila Panevová. 1986. The Meaning of the Sentence and Its Semantic and Pragmatic Aspects. Academia/Reidel Publishing Company, Prague, Czech Republic/Dordrecht, Netherlands. find
20. International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-2018), Miyazaki, Japan. European Languages Resources Association (ELRA). find
21. Rik van Noord, Lasha Abzianidze, Antonio Toral, and Johan Bos. 2018b. Exploring neural methods for parsing discourse representation structures. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 6:619–633. ↗
22. Noortje J. Venhuizen, Johan Bos, and Harm Brouwer. 2013. Parsimonious semantic representations with projection pointers. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Semantics (IWCS 2013) – Long Papers, pages 252–263, Potsdam, Germany. Association for Computational Linguistics. find
23. Stephan Oepen, Omri Abend, Lasha Abzianidze, Johan Bos, Jan Hajič, Daniel Hershcovich, Bin Li, Tim O’Gorman, Nianwen Xue, and Daniel Zeman. 2020. MRP 2020: The Second Shared Task on Cross-framework and Cross-Lingual Meaning Representation Parsing. In Proceedings of the CoNLL 2020 Shared Task: Cross-Framework Meaning Representation Parsing, pages 1 – 22, Online. find
24. Daniel Zeman and Jan Hajič. 2020. FGD at MRP 2020: Prague Tectogrammatical Graphs. In Proceedings of the CoNLL 2020 Shared Task: Cross-Framework Meaning Representation Parsing, pages 33 – 39, Online. find
25. Stephan Oepen, Omri Abend, Jan Hajič, Daniel Hershcovich, Marco Kuhlmann, Tim O’Gorman, Nianwen Xue, Jayeol Chun, Milan Straka, and Zdeňka Urešová. 2019. MRP 2019: Cross-framework Meaning Representation Parsing. In Proceedings of the Shared Task on Cross-Framework Meaning Representation Parsing at the 2019 Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, pages 1 – 27, Hong Kong, China. find
26. Zdeněk Žabokrtský, Daniel Zeman, and Magda Ševčı́ková. 2020. Sentence meaning representations across languages: What can we learn from existing frameworks? Computational Linguistics, 0(0):605– 665. ↗
27. Stephan Oepen, Marco Kuhlmann, Yusuke Miyao, Daniel Zeman, Silvie Cinková, Dan Flickinger, Jan Hajič, and Zdeňka Urešová. 2015. SemEval 2015 task 18: Broad-coverage semantic dependency parsing. In Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2015), pages 915–926, Denver, Colorado. Association for Computational Linguistics. find
28. Stephan Oepen, Marco Kuhlmann, Yusuke Miyao, Daniel Zeman, Dan Flickinger, Jan Hajič, Angelina Ivanova, and Yi Zhang. 2014. SemEval 2014 task 8: Broad-coverage semantic dependency parsing. In Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2014), pages 63–72, Dublin, Ireland. Association for Computational Linguistics. find
29. Stephan Oepen and Jan Tore Lønning. 2006. Discriminant-based MRS banking. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’06), Genoa, Italy. European Language Resources Association (ELRA). find our card
30. Terence Parsons. 1990. Events in the Semantics of English: A Study in Subatomic Semantics. MIT Press. find
31. Richard Power. 1999. Controlling logical scope in text generation. In Proceedings of the 7th. European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (EWNLG’99), pages 1–9, Toulouse. find
32. Rob A. Van der Sandt. 1992. Presupposition projection as anaphora resolution. Journal of Semantics, 9(4):333–377. ↗

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/docs/papers/abzianidze-2020-drs-mrp-2020-dressing-up/