Survey of Abstract Meaning Representation: Then, Now, Future
What it is about
A survey of AMR in three parts. It covers the representation and its extensions. It covers evaluation, from Smatch and its variants (S2match, SMATCH++, the granular GrAPES suite) to SemBLEU, and the known weaknesses of each. It covers parsing, from alignment-based and transition-based methods to neural sequence and graph-to-graph models. It also covers AMR-to-text generation and applications such as text classification and information seeking. The sections on multilingual AMR list annotation projection through word alignments, parsing by machine translation into English followed by an English parser, multilingual transformer parsers, and the small non-English corpora: the Chinese translation of The Little Prince, a Turkish literary corpus with sentences aligned to their translations, and a four-translation subset of AMR 2.0. The survey gives scores from the literature (for example, 86.1 Smatch on AMR 2.0 for one recent parser). It runs no new experiments.
Ideas
- I1. Add a granular score to the translator's reports. The survey presents GrAPES-style scores per attribute as the answer to Smatch's single number. The translator already has residual classes; a per-class score for meta-world comparison would show where a change moves the output.
- I2. Run a corpus study of translations at the meta level. The Turkish corpus annotates each translation against the same source sentences. The Bible authors give the same setup for free: a pairwise meta-world diff per verse, listing which concepts one author changed, needs no AMR annotation.
- I3. The projection view says the word alignment itself can be scored against the other side. The Hebrew reader already aligns Hebrew words to meta tokens, so the English-side check can serve as a second test of that reader.
- I4. The survey notes that Smatch's hill-climbing search gives results that can differ between runs, and that SMATCH++ gives a fixed result. Any graph comparison in Mova should use a deterministic maximum-score matcher, and the run must be checked twice for identical output.
For Mova
The ideas touch tools/translate/measure.rs (the per-class report), tools/translate/hebrew.rs (the Hebrew alignment), and tools/roundtrip (the graph comparison and the divergence classes). The survey is a reading list for the translator's evaluation, not a source of methods to copy. Its figures come from other papers and are not Mova results.
Cite
@misc{mansouri2025survey,
title = {{Survey of Abstract Meaning Representation: Then, Now, Future}},
author = {Mansouri, Behrooz},
year = {2025},
eprint = {2505.03229},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.03229}
}References
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