Grammatical theory: From transformational grammar to constraint-based approaches

What it is about

This is a textbook comparing grammatical theories by the same data: the constituency and dependency analyses of English and German sentences. It covers transformational/minimalist grammar, phrase structure grammar, feature descriptions, LFG, categorial grammar, HPSG, construction grammar, dependency grammar and tree-adjoining grammar. Each framework is presented with its own representation of valence, word order, long-distance dependencies and passive, and the book then compares them on how lexical or phrasal the analysis is, on generative capacity, and on empty elements. A chapter on dependency grammar explains how projective dependency trees can be turned into phrase-structure rules by moving the head up one level, and how non-projective trees can be captured in a linearization-based HPSG. The book contains no numbers from experiments; it is a survey with worked examples and exercises.

Ideas

I1. en/src/parse.rs and en/src/lin.rs: test the projective-to-phrase-structure translation the book describes. Convert gold UD trees to head-moved phrase-structure trees and back, and check that every projective tree round-trips exactly. Run twice; any loss is a bug to fix, not a finding.
I2. Valence as an explicit table: the book treats valence as central in dependency grammar. A table of verb frames in world (which complements are required, which are optional) could decide whether a clause has a missing argument, with each decision explained by the frame that failed.
I3. For non-projective structures (e.g. long-distance extraction in English), add a negative control to the parser evaluation: a corpus of extraction sentences scored separately from the projective ones, so a gain on one does not hide a loss on the other.

For Mova

The chapters are 23. Complementation (valence and complements), 28. Voice and the passive (the passive analyses of chapter 3.4) and 29. Ellipsis, word order and information structure (word order and linearization). The code is en/src/parse.rs, gparse, en/src/lin.rs and tools/roundtrip. Measure: exact round-trip of projective UD trees through the translation, and LAS on UD EWT dev split by projective and non-projective sentences.

Topics: Dependency parsing

Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work.

@book{muller2023grammatical,
  title = {{Grammatical theory: From transformational grammar to constraint-based approaches}},
  author = {Müller, Stefan},
  year = {2023},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/records/7628029}
}

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Müller, Stefan. 2018a. A lexicalist account of argument structure: Template-based phrasal LFG approaches and a lexical HPSG alternative (Conceptual Foundations of Language Science 2). Berlin: Language Science Press. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1441351. ↗
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