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Dependency parsing

98 paper cards from Mova's library · 4 of them with an idea Mova measured or kept

What it is

A dependency parser draws the grammar of a sentence as a tree of words: every word but one is attached to the word it depends on, and each attachment is labelled with its relation. In «The cat chased a mouse», «cat» is the subject of «chased», «mouse» its object, and each article depends on its noun.

Parsers are of two main kinds. Transition-based parsers read the sentence left to right and build the tree with a few actions, like a person reading; graph-based parsers score every possible attachment and pick the best tree at once. Both learn from treebanks and are measured by the share of words attached to the right head (UAS) and with the right label (LAS).

How Mova does it

Mova parses English with an arc-standard transition parser, an averaged perceptron with beam search, after its own tagger; the lexicon is compiled into the binary and every run is deterministic. In the GPU mode a transformer trained from scratch, gparse, gives the same kind of tree. A collection of open parsers serves as witnesses to measure and agree trees against.

The papers (98)

Cards with a measured or kept idea first, then by citations.

  1. Applying Occam's Razor to Transformer-Based Dependency Parsing: What Works, What Doesn't, and What is Really Necessary measured — Stefan Grünewald, Annemarie Friedrich, Jonas Kuhn, 2021 · 9 citations
  2. Identifying Cascading Errors using Constraints in Dependency Parsing 2 ideas kept — Dominick Ng, James R. Curran, 2015 · 8 citations
  3. A Tale of Two Parsers: Investigating and Combining Graph-based and Transition-based Dependency Parsing measured — Yue Zhang, Stephen Clark, 2008
  4. Characterizing the Errors of Data-Driven Dependency Parsing Models 2 ideas kept — Ryan McDonald, Joakim Nivre, 2007
  5. A Fast and Accurate Dependency Parser using Neural Networks — Danqi Chen, Christopher Manning, 2014 · 1821 citations
  6. CoNLL-X Shared Task on Multilingual Dependency Parsing — Sabine Buchholz, Erwin Marsi, 2006 · 967 citations
  7. Online Large-Margin Training of Dependency Parsers — Ryan McDonald, Koby Crammer, Fernando Pereira, 2005 · 793 citations
  8. Simple and Accurate Dependency Parsing Using Bidirectional LSTM Feature Representations — Eliyahu Kiperwasser, Yoav Goldberg, 2016 · 615 citations
  9. An Improved Non-monotonic Transition System for Dependency Parsing — Matthew Honnibal, Mark Johnson, 2015 · 613 citations
  10. Three New Probabilistic Models for Dependency Parsing: An Exploration — Jason M. Eisner, 1996 · 609 citations
  11. Tokenizing, POS Tagging, Lemmatizing and Parsing UD 2.0 with UDPipe — Milan Straka, Jana Straková, 2017 · 567 citations
  12. Transition-Based Dependency Parsing with Stack Long Short-Term Memory — Chris Dyer, Miguel Ballesteros, Wang Ling, Austin Matthews et al., 2015 · 567 citations
  13. Deep Biaffine Attention for Neural Dependency Parsing — Timothy Dozat, Christopher D. Manning, 2016 · 481 citations
  14. Algorithms for Deterministic Incremental Dependency Parsing — Joakim Nivre, 2008 · 435 citations
  15. CCGbank: A Corpus of CCG Derivations and Dependency Structures Extracted from the Penn Treebank — Julia Hockenmaier, Mark Steedman, 2007 · 383 citations
  16. Incrementality in Deterministic Dependency Parsing — Joakim Nivre, 2004 · 276 citations
  17. Stanford's Graph-based Neural Dependency Parser at the CoNLL 2017 Shared Task — Timothy Dozat, Peng Qi, Christopher D. Manning, 2017 · 220 citations
  18. Deterministic Dependency Parsing of English Text — Joakim Nivre, Mario Scholz, 2004 · 220 citations
  19. A Dependency Parser for Tweets — Lingpeng Kong, Nathan Schneider, Swabha Swayamdipta, Archna Bhatia et al., 2014 · 209 citations
  20. Machine Translation Using Probabilistic Synchronous Dependency Insertion Grammars — Yuan Ding, Martha Palmer, 2005 · 199 citations
  21. It Depends: Dependency Parser Comparison Using A Web-based Evaluation Tool — Jinho D. Choi, Joel Tetreault, Amanda Stent, 2015 · 143 citations
  22. Parsing to Stanford Dependencies: Trade-offs between Speed and Accuracy — Daniel Cer, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Dan Jurafsky, Chris Manning, 2010 · 128 citations
  23. Efficient Second-Order TreeCRF for Neural Dependency Parsing — Yu Zhang, Zhenghua Li, Min Zhang, 2020 · 93 citations
  24. Hybrid text simplification using synchronous dependency grammars with hand-written and automatically harvested rules — Advaith Siddharthan, Angrosh Mandya, 2014 · 82 citations
  25. Dependency Parsing of Modern Standard Arabic with Lexical and Inflectional Features — Yuval Marton, Nizar Habash, Owen Rambow, 2013 · 82 citations
  26. Frustratingly Hard Domain Adaptation for Dependency Parsing — Mark Dredze, John Blitzer, Partha Pratim Talukdar, Kuzman Ganchev et al., 2007 · 72 citations
  27. Evaluation of Dependency Parsers on Unbounded Dependencies — Joakim Nivre, Laura Rimell, Ryan McDonald, Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez, 2010 · 57 citations
  28. Twitter Universal Dependency Parsing for African-American and Mainstream American English — Su Lin Blodgett, Johnny Wei, Brendan O'Connor, 2018 · 49 citations
  29. A Dependency Perspective on RST Discourse Parsing and Evaluation — Mathieu Morey, Philippe Muller, Nicholas Asher, 2018 · 44 citations
  30. Improving Arabic Dependency Parsing with Lexical and Inflectional Morphological Features — Yuval Marton, Nizar Habash, Owen Rambow, 2010 · 43 citations
  31. Evaluating and Enhancing the Robustness of Neural Network-based Dependency Parsing Models with Adversarial Examples — Xiaoqing Zheng, Jiehang Zeng, Yi Zhou, Cho-Jui Hsieh et al., 2020 · 39 citations
  32. Joint Transition-based Dependency Parsing and Disfluency Detection for Automatic Speech Recognition Texts — Masashi Yoshikawa, Hiroyuki Shindo, Yuji Matsumoto, 2016 · 38 citations
  33. Joint Transition-Based Models for Morpho-Syntactic Parsing: Parsing Strategies for MRLs and a Case Study from Modern Hebrew — Amir More, Amit Seker, Victoria Basmova, Reut Tsarfaty, 2019 · 37 citations
  34. A Graph-based Lattice Dependency Parser for Joint Morphological Segmentation and Syntactic Analysis — Wolfgang Seeker, Özlem Çetinoğlu, 2015 · 37 citations
  35. Transition-Based Syntactic Linearization — Yijia Liu, Yue Zhang, Wanxiang Che, Bing Qin, 2015 · 34 citations
  36. Evaluating Dependency Parsing: Robust and Heuristics-Free Cross-Annotation Evaluation — Reut Tsarfaty, Joakim Nivre, Evelina Andersson, 2011 · 28 citations
  37. Arc-swift: A Novel Transition System for Dependency Parsing — Peng Qi, Christopher D. Manning, 2017 · 25 citations
  38. Easy-First Dependency Parsing of Modern Hebrew — Yoav Goldberg, Michael Elhadad, 2010 · 23 citations
  39. Recursive Non-Autoregressive Graph-to-Graph Transformer for Dependency Parsing with Iterative Refinement — Alireza Mohammadshahi, James Henderson, 2021 · 22 citations
  40. Graph-to-Graph Transformer for Transition-based Dependency Parsing — Alireza Mohammadshahi, James Henderson, 2020 · 21 citations
  41. Hebrew Dependency Parsing: Initial Results — Yoav Goldberg, Michael Elhadad, 2009 · 20 citations
  42. Semantic Role Labeling as Syntactic Dependency Parsing — Tianze Shi, Igor Malioutov, Ozan Irsoy, 2020 · 17 citations
  43. Underspecified Universal Dependency Structures as Inputs for Multilingual Surface Realisation — Simon Mille, Anja Belz, Bernd Bohnet, Leo Wanner, 2018 · 17 citations
  44. The 2018 Shared Task on Extrinsic Parser Evaluation: On the Downstream Utility of English Universal Dependency Parsers — Murhaf Fares, Stephan Oepen, Lilja Øvrelid, Jari Björne et al., 2018 · 14 citations
  45. The Denoised Web Treebank: Evaluating Dependency Parsing under Noisy Input Conditions — Joachim Daiber, Rob van der Goot, 2016 · 14 citations
  46. BinLin: A Simple Method of Dependency Tree Linearization — Yevgeniy Puzikov, Iryna Gurevych, 2018 · 13 citations
  47. Unsupervised AMR-Dependency Parse Alignment — Wei-Te Chen, Martha Palmer, 2017 · 13 citations
  48. Improving Arabic Dependency Parsing with Form-based and Functional Morphological Features — Yuval Marton, Nizar Habash, Owen Rambow, 2011 · 13 citations
  49. Dependency Parsing for Spoken Dialog Systems — Sam Davidson, Dian Yu, Zhou Yu, 2019 · 10 citations
  50. A non-projective greedy dependency parser with bidirectional LSTMs — David Vilares, Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez, 2017 · 8 citations
  51. CamelParser2.0: A State-of-the-Art Dependency Parser for Arabic — Ahmed Elshabrawy, Muhammed AbuOdeh, Go Inoue, Nizar Habash, 2023 · 7 citations
  52. DTED: Evaluation of Machine Translation Structure Using Dependency Parsing and Tree Edit Distance — Martin McCaffery, Mark-Jan Nederhof, 2016 · 7 citations
  53. Discourse Analysis via Questions and Answers: Parsing Dependency Structures of Questions Under Discussion — Wei-Jen Ko, Yating Wu, Cutter Dalton, Dananjay Srinivas et al., 2023 · 6 citations
  54. Hexatagging: Projective Dependency Parsing as Tagging — Afra Amini, Tianyu Liu, Ryan Cotterell, 2023 · 6 citations
  55. Nucleus Composition in Transition-based Dependency Parsing — Joakim Nivre, Ali Basirat, Luise Dürlich, Adam Moss, 2022 · 6 citations
  56. Mind the Gap: Data Enrichment in Dependency Parsing of Elliptical Constructions — Kira Droganova, Filip Ginter, Jenna Kanerva, Daniel Zeman, 2018 · 6 citations
  57. A Closer Look into the Robustness of Neural Dependency Parsers Using Better Adversarial Examples — Yuxuan Wang, Wanxiang Che, Ivan Titov, Shay B. Cohen et al., 2021 · 5 citations
  58. Universal Morpho-Syntactic Parsing and the Contribution of Lexica: Analyzing the ONLP Lab Submission to the CoNLL 2018 Shared Task — Amit Seker, Amir More, Reut Tsarfaty, 2018 · 5 citations
  59. The Aligned Multimodal Movie Treebank: An audio, video, dependency-parse treebank — Adam Yaari, Jan DeWitt, Henry Hu, Bennett Stankovits et al., 2022 · 4 citations
  60. Fast and Accurate Non-Projective Dependency Tree Linearization — Xiang Yu, Simon Tannert, Ngoc Thang Vu, Jonas Kuhn, 2020 · 4 citations
  61. 'The parse is darc and full of errors: Universal dependency parsing with transition-based and graph-based algorithms' — Kuan Yu, Pavel Sofroniev, Erik Schill, Erhard Hinrichs, 2017 · 4 citations
  62. English Multiword Expression-aware Dependency Parsing Including Named Entities — Akihiko Kato, Hiroyuki Shindo, Yuji Matsumoto, 2017 · 4 citations
  63. A Cross-Task Flexible Transition Model for Arabic Tokenization, Affix Detection, Affix Labeling, POS Tagging, and Dependency Parsing — Stephen Tratz, 2013 · 4 citations
  64. Domain-Aware Dependency Parsing for Questions — Aparna Garimella, Laura Chiticariu, Yunyao Li, 2021 · 3 citations
  65. Integrating Graph-Based and Transition-Based Dependency Parsers in the Deep Contextualized Era — Agnieszka Falenska, Anders Björkelund, Jonas Kuhn, 2020 · 3 citations
  66. Approximate Dynamic Oracle for Dependency Parsing with Reinforcement Learning — Xiang Yu, Ngoc Thang Vu, Jonas Kuhn, 2018 · 3 citations
  67. LLM Dependency Parsing with In-Context Rules — Michael Ginn, Alexis Palmer, 2025 · 2 citations
  68. Evaluating Universal Dependency Parser Recovery of Predicate Argument Structure via CompChain Analysis — Sagar Indurkhya, Beracah Yankama, Robert C. Berwick, 2021 · 2 citations
  69. Comparing Neural Network Parsers for a Less-resourced and Morphologically-rich Language: Amharic Dependency Parser — Binyam Ephrem Seyoum, Yusuke Miyao, Baye Yimam Mekonnen, 2020 · 2 citations
  70. Extracting Headless MWEs from Dependency Parse Trees: Parsing, Tagging, and Joint Modeling Approaches — Tianze Shi, Lillian Lee, 2020 · 2 citations
  71. Inherent Dependency Displacement Bias of Transition-Based Algorithms — Mark Anderson, Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez, 2020 · 2 citations
  72. Out-of-Domain Dependency Parsing for Dialects of Arabic: A Case Study — Noor Abo Mokh, Daniel Dakota, Sandra Kübler, 2024 · 1 citations
  73. Automatically Selecting the Best Dependency Annotation Design with Dynamic Oracles — Guillaume Wisniewski, Ophélie Lacroix, François Yvon, 2018 · 1 citations
  74. Automatic Cross-Lingual Similarization of Dependency Grammars for Tree-based Machine Translation — Wenbin Jiang, Wen Zhang, Jinan Xu, Rangjia Cai, 2016 · 1 citations
  75. Arabic Morphosyntactic Tagging and Dependency Parsing with Large Language Models — Mohamed Adel, Bashar Alhafni, Nizar Habash, 2026
  76. CAIT: A Syntactic Parsing Toolkit for Child–Adult InTeractions — Francesca Padovani, Xiulin Yang, Bastian Bunzeck, Jaap Jumelet et al., 2026
  77. Head-initial and head-Final coordinate structures in two annotation schemes of dependency grammar — Timothy John Osborne, Chenchen Song, 2025
  78. Step-by-step Instructions and a Simple Tabular Output Format Improve the Dependency Parsing Accuracy of LLMs — Hiroshi Matsuda, Chunpeng Ma, Masayuki Asahara, 2025
  79. Conjunct Lengths in English, Dependency Length Minimization, and Dependency Structure of Coordination — Adam Przepiórkowski, Michał Woźniak, 2023
  80. Grammatical theory: From transformational grammar to constraint-based approaches — Stefan Müller, 2023
  81. Cross-Dialect Social Media Dependency Parsing for Social Scientific Entity Attribute Analysis — Chloe Eggleston, Brendan O'Connor, 2022
  82. Dependency Parsing Evaluation for Low-resource Spontaneous Speech — Zoey Liu, Emily Prud'hommeaux, 2021
  83. Minor changes make a difference: a case study on the consistency of UD-based dependency parsers — Dmytro Kalpakchi, Johan Boye, 2021
  84. Transition-based Bubble Parsing: Improvements on Coordination Structure Prediction — Tianze Shi, Lillian Lee, 2021
  85. Predicate Catenae: A Dependency Grammar Analysis of It-Clefts — Timothy Osborne, 2019
  86. Recursive LSTM Tree Representation for Arc-Standard Transition-Based Dependency Parsing — Mohab Elkaref, Bernd Bohnet, 2019
  87. Control vs. Raising in English. A Dependency Grammar Account — Timothy Osborne, Matthew Reeve, 2017
  88. Dependency Tree Transformation with Tree Transducers — Felix Hennig, Arne Köhn, 2017
  89. Universal Joint Morph-Syntactic Processing: The Open University of Israel's Submission to The CoNLL 2017 Shared Task — Amir More, Reut Tsarfaty, 2017
  90. A Non-Monotonic Arc-Eager Transition System for Dependency Parsing — Matthew Honnibal, Yoav Goldberg, Mark Johnson, 2013
  91. Parsing Any Domain English text to CoNLL dependencies — Sudheer Kolachina, Prasanth Kolachina, 2012
  92. Semantic Dependency Parsing of NomBank and PropBank: An Efficient Integrated Approach via a Large-scale Feature Selection — Hai Zhao, Wenliang Chen, Chunyu Kit, 2009
  93. Generating Typed Dependency Parses from Phrase Structure Parses — Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Bill MacCartney, Christopher D. Manning, 2006
  94. Online Learning of Approximate Dependency Parsing Algorithms — Ryan McDonald, Fernando Pereira, 2006
  95. Non-Projective Dependency Parsing using Spanning Tree Algorithms — Ryan McDonald, Fernando Pereira, Kiril Ribarov, Jan Hajič, 2005
  96. Using the Penn Treebank to Evaluate Non-Treebank Parsers — Eric K. Ringger, Robert C. Moore, Eugene Charniak, Lucy Vanderwende et al., 2004
  97. An Efficient Algorithm for Projective Dependency Parsing — Joakim Nivre, 2003
  98. Czech-English Dependency Tree-based Machine Translation — Martin Čmejrek, Jan Cuřín, Jiří Havelka, 2003

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