Mischievous nominal constructions in Universal Dependencies

Summary

The paper looks at noun phrases that do not fit the usual UD picture: descriptors before names (titles such as Mr., role labels like "French actor"), company names with suffixes, numbered designations, dates, times and similar constructions. UD guidelines had no consistent treatment for them, so annotation diverged even within English. Using the English treebanks EWT, GUM and GUMReddit, the authors compare candidate analyses by syntactic tests: whether an element can be omitted, whether it agrees in number, whether it takes its own determiner. They argue for taking pre-name descriptors out of the headless flat structure and attaching them as modifiers, discussing subtypes such as compound:title, appos:title, nmod:title and a broader nmod:desc. No new universal relations are introduced, so the proposals are local and compatible with the existing scheme. The issues they describe carry over to other languages with similar name and date constructions.

How Mova uses it

• Titles (Mr., Dr.) and Inc. — nmod:desc: rule en.errors.title-desc for the English grammar expert system (en/src/expert.rs) — titles before names and company suffixes (Inc., Corp., Ltd.) should be nmod:desc; the paper supplies the analysis and frequency estimates.
• flat — head on the left, compound — head on the right: flat is head-first, compound head-last.
• nummod — only quantity and only before the noun: nummod only for quantities before a noun; numbers after a noun (page 394, Route 66) are identifiers, not nummod.
• Convention differences between the English UD treebanks: background for treating divergences between EWT and GUM as convention differences rather than rule errors.

Effectiveness in Mova

Not measured separately as an accuracy gain. The rules derived from it are checked against the reference treebanks: titles before PROPN in EWT 2.18 — 128 cases, 0 violations; company suffixes 48/0; GUM 84/1 and 3/0. flat head-first in EWT — 2501 of 2501; noun–noun compound head-last 8416 with 16 violations (GUM 6713/36). nummod before NOUN/PROPN in EWT — 1433 of 1433. Its role is to supply the linguistic analysis behind several annotation-checking rules.

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Topics: Universal Dependencies · Treebanks

Cite

The paper itself, not this card. BibTeX from the library's record of the work. arXiv 2108.12928

@inproceedings{schneider2021mischievous,
  title = {{Mischievous nominal constructions in Universal Dependencies}},
  author = {Schneider, Nathan and Zeldes, Amir},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW, SyntaxFest 2021)},
  year = {2021},
  eprint = {2108.12928},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.12928}
}

References

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