📖 D — The English dictionary · page 60

duly — Everyday, meaning 1: Duly means in the proper way, as expected or required, and at the right time.↗ Example: The neighbour took the medicine and was duly cured.↗ · The guests were duly thanked in the speech.↗ · The rent was paid duly at the end of the month.↗

dumb — Everyday, meaning 1: In everyday talk, especially in the USA, dumb means stupid or silly, and it is a rude word for a person.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: In older English, dumb meant not able to speak; this use is now hurtful and people say «non-speaking» or «unable to speak» instead.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: To be struck dumb means to be so surprised that you cannot say anything for a moment.↗ Example: That was a dumb mistake; I forgot to carry the one.↗ · It's unkind to call anyone dumb.↗ · She was struck dumb when she saw the surprise party.↗ · He played dumb when Mum asked who ate the cake.↗ · We won by dumb luck, not by skill.↗ · I felt dumb when I put my shoes on the wrong feet.↗ · Animals are sometimes called «dumb animals» because they cannot talk, but they are not stupid.↗ · The lad was dumb with fright.↗ · And the LORD said unto him: 'Who hath made man's mouth? or who maketh a man dumb, or deaf, or seeing, or blind? is it not I the LORD?↗ (Torah EXO.4.11, JPS 1917)↗ · I am dumb, I open not my mouth; because Thou hast done it.↗ (Writings PSA.39.10, JPS 1917)↗ · Let the lying lips be dumb, which speak arrogantly against the righteous, with pride and contempt.↗ (Writings PSA.31.19, JPS 1917)↗ · Open thy mouth for the dumb, in the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction.↗ (Writings PRO.31.8, JPS 1917)↗

dumbfounded — Everyday, meaning 1: Dumbfounded means so surprised that you cannot speak or know what to say.↗ Example: Dumbfounded, the boy stared at the talking cat.↗ · My grandfather was so dumbfounded that he could only stand and stare.↗ · The merchant was dumbfounded by the king's words.↗

dummy — Everyday, meaning 1: A dummy is a model of a person, used in shops to show clothes or in tests, like a crash-test dummy.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: In the UK, Australia and Ireland a dummy is a rubber teat a baby sucks to calm down; Americans call it a pacifier.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: Dummy describes something that looks real but is not, such as a dummy camera.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: In some sports a dummy is a pretend move to trick another player.↗ Everyday, meaning 5: A dummy is also a rude word for a silly person.↗ Example: The baby fell asleep with her dummy.↗ · The shop dummy wore a red winter coat.↗ · Crash-test dummies show why we must wear seatbelts.↗ · The burglar fooled the guard with a dummy in the bed.↗ · The camera on the wall is just a dummy.↗ · He sold the defender a dummy and scored.↗ · We did a dummy run of the fire drill first.↗

dump — Everyday, meaning 1: To dump something is to put it down or drop it carelessly or roughly.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: To dump rubbish is to get rid of it, especially in a place where it is not allowed.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: A dump (or tip, in UK/Australia) is a place where rubbish is taken and left.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: (informal) A dump is a dirty, messy or ugly place.↗ Everyday, meaning 5: (informal) To dump a boyfriend or girlfriend is to end the relationship.↗ Everyday, meaning 6: (informal, a bit rude) To have a dump or take a dump is to go to the toilet to poo.↗ Everyday, meaning 7: (informal) "Down in the dumps" means sad.↗ Everyday, meaning 8: A dump can also be a heavy, dull thud, the sound of something heavy falling.↗ Example: Don't dump your bag in the hallway.↗ · We took the old sofa to the dump.↗ · Dumping rubbish in the river is against the law.↗ · My room is a dump, Mum says.↗ · She was down in the dumps after losing the game.↗ · The dump truck tipped out the sand.↗ · He dumped his girlfriend by text, which was unkind.↗ · The lorry dumped 5 tonnes of gravel, then 3 more, so 8 tonnes in all.↗ · He came down on his feet quite unhurt, but the little black dog heard the dump, and rushed out of its kennel at once.↗

dumpling — Everyday, meaning 1: A dumpling is a small ball of dough that is boiled, steamed or fried, sometimes filled with meat or vegetables.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: A dumpling is a pudding of fruit wrapped in pastry, like an apple dumpling.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (informal) Dumpling is a fond name for a small, chubby child or pet.↗ Example: Grandma makes stew with fluffy dumplings.↗ · We ate pork dumplings at the Chinese restaurant.↗ · My mum and I fold dumplings for Lunar New Year.↗ · Ukrainian varenyky are dumplings filled with potato or cherries.↗ · There are 24 dumplings shared among 4 people, so each gets 6.↗ · An apple dumpling is wrapped in pastry and baked.↗ · «Come here, my little dumpling!» said Gran.↗ · I remember that we once exchanged a rice-dumpling for a persimmon-seed.↗

dumplings — Everyday, meaning 1: Dumplings are small balls of dough cooked in boiling water, soup or stew.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Dumplings are also little parcels of thin dough with a filling of meat, vegetables or fruit, steamed, boiled or fried, as in Chinese jiaozi, Polish pierogi or Ukrainian varenyky.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (informal) «Dumpling» is a fond pet name for a small, chubby child.↗ Example: Mum made beef stew with fluffy dumplings.↗ · We folded dumplings for Chinese New Year.↗ · Varenyky are Ukrainian dumplings with potato or cherries inside.↗ · The dumplings floated to the top when they were cooked.↗ · We had steamed dumplings at the dim sum restaurant.↗ · Grandma calls the baby her little dumpling.↗ · Each dumpling had a juicy filling.↗ · ‘Sir, his highness has graciously ordered a Danish soup and red Hamburg dumplings.’↗

dumpy — Everyday, meaning 1: Dumpy means short and thick, round and squat in shape.↗ Example: The dumpy little man waddled into the hall.↗ · A dumpy jug stood on the shelf.↗ · The dumpy hen sat on her eggs.↗

dun — Everyday, meaning 1: Dun is a dull greyish-brown colour.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: A dun is a horse of this colour, usually with a darker mane and tail.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (old) To dun someone is to keep asking them firmly to pay money they owe.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: In some dialects «dun» is just a spelling of «done» in very casual writing.↗ Example: The farmer rode a dun pony with a black mane.↗ · The moor was dun and brown in winter.↗ · She wore a plain dun coat.↗ · (old) The landlord dunned him for the rent.↗ · The sparrow's feathers are dun and grey.↗ · In the old book, a dun cow grazed in the field.↗

dunce — Everyday, meaning 1: (old-fashioned, unkind) A person who is slow to learn or thought to be stupid, especially a pupil.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: In «dunce's cap» (dunce cap): a tall paper cone hat that pupils in old schools were made to wear as a punishment.↗ Example: In the old school, the dunce had to sit in the corner.↗ · The teacher made him wear a dunce's cap.↗ · Calling someone a dunce is unkind.↗ · Toad acted like a dunce, but he thought he was clever.↗ · «I'm such a dunce at maths!» she laughed – but she was wrong.↗ · Today no teacher uses a dunce's cap.↗ · Once upon a time there lived an old couple who had three sons; the two elder were clever, but the third was a regular dunce.↗

dune — Everyday, meaning 1: A dune is a hill or ridge of sand piled up by the wind, in a desert or near the sea.↗ Example: We climbed the sand dunes behind the beach.↗ · The wind shapes the dunes in the desert.↗ · Please keep to the path to protect the dunes.↗ · Camels walked slowly over the dunes.↗ · Some dunes are taller than a house.↗ · We rolled down the soft dune.↗ · Grass grows on the dunes and holds the sand in place.↗ · He went out and walked towards the dunes.↗

dung — Everyday, meaning 1: Dung is the solid waste, or poo, of animals, especially large animals like cows, horses and elephants.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Dung is used on farms as manure to help plants grow, and in some places it is dried and burned as fuel.↗ Example: The dung beetle rolled a ball of dung across the sand.↗ · Farmers spread cow dung on the fields to help crops grow.↗ · Elephant dung is full of seeds.↗ · In some villages dried dung is used as fuel.↗ · The smell of horse dung filled the stable.↗ · Scientists study dung to find out what animals eat.↗ · Watch out for the cow dung in the field!↗ · "Perhaps you came from a dung-heap," observed the oldest of them.↗ · But the skin of the bullock, and all its flesh, with its head, and with its legs, and its inwards, and its dung, (Torah LEV.4.11, JPS 1917)↗ · And the heifer shall be burnt in his sight; her skin, and her flesh, and her blood, with her dung, shall be burnt.↗ (Torah NUM.19.5, JPS 1917)↗ · But the flesh of the bullock, and its skin, and its dung, shalt thou burn with fire without the camp; it is a sin-offering.↗ (Torah EXO.29.14, JPS 1917)↗ · Who were destroyed at En-dor; they became as dung for the earth.↗ (Writings PSA.83.11, JPS 1917)↗ · And I will cast detestable things upon thee, and make thee vile, and will make thee as dung.↗ (Prophets NAM.3.6, JPS 1917)↗ · Yet he shall perish for ever like his own dung; they that have seen him shall say: 'Where is he?'↗ (Writings JOB.20.7, JPS 1917)↗

dungeon — Everyday, meaning 1: A dark prison room, often underground, in a castle.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (games) In video and board games, a set of dangerous rooms or tunnels to explore.↗ Example: The king threw the thief into the dungeon.↗ · Toad lay in the dungeon and wept.↗ · The dungeon was cold, damp and dark.↗ · We visited a castle and saw the old dungeon.↗ · In the game, you have to find the key to escape the dungeon.↗ · The gaoler's daughter brought food down to the dungeon.↗ · Many castle dungeons were really used as storerooms.↗ · So they seized him and put him in a dungeon.↗ · Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they brought him hastily out of the dungeon.↗ (Torah GEN.41.14, JPS 1917)↗ · For indeed I was stolen away out of the land of the Hebrews; and here also have I done nothing that they should put me into the dungeon.'↗ (Torah GEN.40.15, JPS 1917)↗ · I called upon Thy name, O LORD, Out of the lowest dungeon.↗ (Writings LAM.3.55, JPS 1917)↗ · They have cut off my life in the dungeon, and have cast stones upon me.↗ (Writings LAM.3.53, JPS 1917)↗ · When Jeremiah was come into the dungeon-house, and into the cells, and Jeremiah had remained there many days; (Prophets JER.37.16, JPS 1917)↗

dunghill — Everyday, meaning 1: A dunghill is a heap of animal dung and rotting waste kept outside a farm.↗ Example: The cow was thrown out upon a dunghill.↗ · The farm cat slept on the warm dunghill.↗ · The rubbish was piled up like a dunghill behind the barn.↗ · Who raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the needy out of the dunghill; (Writings PSA.113.7, JPS 1917)↗ · They that did feed on dainties are desolate in the streets; they that were brought up in scarlet embrace dunghills.↗ (Writings LAM.4.5, JPS 1917)↗ · For in this mountain will the hand of the LORD rest, and Moab shall be trodden down in his place, even as straw is trodden down in the dunghill.↗ (Prophets ISA.25.10, JPS 1917)↗

dunk — Everyday, meaning 1: To dunk food is to dip it quickly into a drink or liquid, like a biscuit into tea or milk.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: To dunk someone or something is to push them under water for a moment.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: In basketball, to dunk is to jump up and push the ball down through the hoop; this shot is a dunk (slam dunk).↗ Example: He dunked his cookie in his milk.↗ · Don't dunk your biscuit too long or it will break.↗ · The player jumped and dunked the ball.↗ · We dunked our feet in the cold river.↗ · That was an amazing slam dunk!↗ · She dunked the paintbrush in the water.↗ · We tested which biscuit could be dunked longest without breaking.↗

duodecimal — In Jewish tradition, meaning 1: Based on the number twelve, counting in twelves.↗ Example: According to the Sefer Yetzira the Hebrew alphabet con- sisting often double letters and twelve simple leters, representing the vigesimal and duodecimal systems of notation, still more fully symbolizes the universe.↗ (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))↗

duplicate — Everyday, meaning 1: (noun) An exact copy of something, such as a key or a document.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: (verb) To make an exact copy of something.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (verb) To do something again that has already been done, wasting effort.↗ Everyday, meaning 4: (adjective) Exactly the same as another; made as a copy.↗ Example: Dad had a duplicate key made for the shed.↗ · I have three duplicates of this football card, so I'll swap them.↗ · The form must be filled in in duplicate.↗ · Delete the duplicate photos to save space.↗ · Scientists duplicated the experiment to check the result.↗ · Let's not duplicate work: you do the poster and I'll do the speech.↗ · The printer duplicated the page by mistake.↗ · Remove the duplicate numbers from the list 4, 7, 4, 9 and you get 4, 7, 9.↗

duplication — Everyday, meaning 1: Making an exact copy of something, or the copy itself.↗ Everyday, meaning 2: Doing the same work twice when once would be enough; unnecessary repeating.↗ Everyday, meaning 3: (science) A part of a chromosome or gene that is copied twice.↗ Example: We split the tasks to avoid duplication.↗ · The duplication of keys was done at the hardware shop.↗ · Duplication of the photo made two identical copies.↗ · There was some duplication: two groups wrote the same poster.↗ · Gene duplication can lead to new features in living things.↗ · Copying and pasting caused a duplication in my list.↗