substantiating Who acts: something, adjective, facts, scientist, police, He · What happens: substantiate, mean, prove, be, give, describe · To what, where: facts, evidence, claim, idea, anyone, trouble · Speech: someone speaks here
«substantiating» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: substantiating in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Substantiating means proving that something is true by giving facts or evidence (formal).
The tree, 13 words nsubj xcomp mark nsubj cop ccomp mark advcl obj cc conj punct appos punct punct root Substantiating VERB means VERB proving VERB that SCONJ something PRON is AUX true ADJ by SCONJ giving VERB facts NOUN or CCONJ evidence NOUN ( PUNCT formal ADJ ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Substantiating substantiate VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 proving prove VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 that that SCONJ _ 7 true mark 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 true nsubj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 true cop 7 true true ADJ Degree=Pos 3 proving ccomp 8 by by SCONJ _ 9 giving mark 9 giving give VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 true advcl 10 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 9 giving obj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 evidence cc 12 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 10 facts conj 13 ( ( PUNCT _ 14 formal punct 14 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 12 evidence appos 15 ) ) PUNCT _ 14 formal punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 substantiate gerund tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 prove not said to happen gerund vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent 4 is present something true property tree rules 5 give gerund something not said here facts or evidence vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 As an adjective, substantiating describes evidence or facts that support a claim (formal).
The tree, 13 words case det obl punct acl obj cc conj nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct amod punct punct root As ADP an DET adjective NOUN , PUNCT substantiating VERB describes VERB evidence NOUN or CCONJ facts NOUN that PRON support VERB a DET claim NOUN ( PUNCT formal ADJ ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 adjective case 2 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 adjective det 3 adjective adjective NOUN Number=Sing 6 describes obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 substantiating punct 5 substantiating substantiate VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 adjective acl 6 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 6 describes obj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 facts cc 9 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 7 evidence conj 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 support nsubj 11 support support VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 facts acl:relcl 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 claim det 13 claim claim NOUN Number=Sing 11 support obj 14 ( ( PUNCT _ 15 formal punct 15 formal formal ADJ Degree=Pos 13 claim amod 16 ) ) PUNCT _ 15 formal punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 describes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 substantiate gerund a adjective not said here tree rules 2 describe present evidence or facts as a adjective vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent evidence=Theme as adjective=Attribute 3 support present facts a claim vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer claim=Stimulus
Example 1 The scientist is substantiating her idea with careful tests.
det nsubj aux nmod:poss obj case amod obl punct root The DET scientist NOUN is AUX substantiating VERB her PRON idea NOUN with ADP careful ADJ tests NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 scientist det 2 scientist scientist NOUN Number=Sing 4 substantiating nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 substantiating aux 4 substantiating substantiate VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 idea nmod:poss 6 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 4 substantiating obj 7 with with ADP _ 9 tests case 8 careful careful ADJ Degree=Pos 9 tests amod 9 tests test NOUN Number=Plur 4 substantiating obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 substantiating punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 substantiate present · progressive the scientist scientist's idea with careful tests tree rules
Example 2 The police need substantiating evidence before they arrest anyone.
det nsubj xcomp obj mark nsubj advcl obj punct root The DET police NOUN need VERB substantiating VERB evidence NOUN before SCONJ they PRON arrest VERB anyone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 police det 2 police police NOUN Number=Plur 3 need nsubj 3 need need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 substantiating substantiate VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 need xcomp 5 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 4 substantiating obj 6 before before SCONJ _ 8 arrest mark 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 arrest nsubj 8 arrest arrest VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 need advcl 9 anyone anyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 arrest obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 need punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present the police vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme 2 substantiate not said to happen gerund the police not said here evidence tree rules 3 arrest present police anyone vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anyone=Patient
Example 3 He had trouble substantiating his story.
nsubj obj acl nmod:poss obj punct root He PRON had VERB trouble NOUN substantiating VERB his PRON story NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 trouble trouble NOUN Number=Sing 2 had obj 4 substantiating substantiate VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 trouble acl 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 story nmod:poss 6 story story NOUN Number=Sing 4 substantiating obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past He trouble vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trouble=Patient 2 substantiate gerund trouble not said here his story tree rules
Example 4 Substantiating a rumour means checking the facts.
csubj det obj xcomp det obj punct root Substantiating VERB a DET rumour NOUN means VERB checking VERB the DET facts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Substantiating substantiate VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 means csubj 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 rumour det 3 rumour rumour NOUN Number=Sing 1 Substantiating obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 checking check VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 means xcomp 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 facts det 7 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 5 checking obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 substantiate gerund a rumour tree rules 2 mean present Substantiating vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 check not said to happen gerund Substantiating not said here the facts vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme
Example 5 Your essay should include substantiating examples.
nmod:poss nsubj aux xcomp obj punct root Your PRON essay NOUN should AUX include VERB substantiating VERB examples NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 essay nmod:poss 2 essay essay NOUN Number=Sing 4 include nsubj 3 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 include aux 4 include include VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 substantiating substantiate VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 include xcomp 6 examples example NOUN Number=Plur 5 substantiating obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 include punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 include should Your essay tree rules 2 substantiate gerund Your essay not said here examples tree rules 3 essay Your nom essay «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 The detective spent a week substantiating the witness's claims.
det nsubj det obj advcl det nmod:poss case obj punct root The DET detective NOUN spent VERB a DET week NOUN substantiating VERB the DET witness NOUN 's PART claims NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 detective det 2 detective detective NOUN Number=Sing 3 spent nsubj 3 spent spend VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 week det 5 week week NOUN Number=Sing 3 spent obj 6 substantiating substantiate VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 spent advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 witness det 8 witness witness NOUN Number=Sing 10 claims nmod:poss 9 's 's PART _ 8 witness case 10 claims claim NOUN Number=Plur 6 substantiating obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 spent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend past the detective week vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 substantiate gerund the detective not said here the witness's claims tree rules 3 claim the witness nom claim «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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