1 Chronicles 19:16 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א

Who acts: Arameans · What happens: see, put, send, bring out, be · To what, where: Arameans, messengers · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Chronicles 19:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Arameans — and what happens in the verse to Arameans, messengers, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 29 chapters of 1 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּ֣רְא אֲרָ֗ם כִּ֣י נִגְּפוּ֮ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַֽיִּשְׁלְחוּ֙ מַלְאָכִ֔ים וַיּוֹצִ֣יאוּ אֶת־אֲרָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעֵ֣בֶר הַנָּהָ֑ר וְשׁוֹפַ֛ךְ שַׂר־צְבָ֥א הֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃

And when the Arameans saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and brought out the Arameans that were beyond the River, with Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer at their head.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּ֣רְא	cc	and
2	יַּ֣רְא	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it saw
3	אֲרָ֗ם	אֲרָם	PROPN	_	2 יַּ֣רְא	nsubj	Aram
4	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	5 נִגְּפוּ֮	mark	(dm) that
5	נִגְּפוּ֮	נָגַף	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּ֣רְא	ccomp	they had been defeated
6	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	7 פְנֵ֣י	case	before
7	פְנֵ֣י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 נִגְּפוּ֮	obl
8	יִשְׂרָאֵל֒	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	7 פְנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	Israel
9	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יִּשְׁלְחוּ֙	cc	and
10	יִּשְׁלְחוּ֙	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּ֣רְא	conj	they sent
11	מַלְאָכִ֔ים	מַלְאָךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	10 יִּשְׁלְחוּ֙	obj	messengers
12	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 יּוֹצִ֣יאוּ	cc	and
13	יּוֹצִ֣יאוּ	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּ֣רְא	conj	they brought out
14	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	15 אֲרָ֔ם	case	(et)
15	אֲרָ֔ם	אֲרָם	PROPN	_	13 יּוֹצִ֣יאוּ	obj	Aram
16	אֲשֶׁ֖ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	18 עֵ֣בֶר	mark	which
17	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	18 עֵ֣בֶר	case	[was] from
18	עֵ֣בֶר	עֵבֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 אֲרָ֔ם	acl:relcl	the other side
19	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 נָּהָ֑ר	det	of
20	נָּהָ֑ר	נָהָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 עֵ֣בֶר	compound:smixut	the River
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 פְנֵי	cc	and
22	שׁוֹפַ֛ךְ	שׁוֹפָךְ	PROPN	_	27 פְנֵי	nsubj	Shophach
23	שַׂר־	שַׂר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 שׁוֹפַ֛ךְ	appos	the commander
24	צְבָ֥א	צָבָא	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 שַׂר־	compound:smixut	of the army
25	הֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר	הֲדַדְעֶזֶר	PROPN	_	24 צְבָ֥א	compound:smixut	of Hadadezer
26	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	27 פְנֵי	case	[was]
27	פְנֵי	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 יַּ֣רְא	conj	before
28	הֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 פְנֵי	nmod:poss	them
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 הֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יַּרְא it saw	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲרָם Aram	נִגְּפוּ they had been defeated
נִגְּפוּ they had been defeated	qatal · niphal		אֲרָם Aram
יִּשְׁלְחוּ they sent	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲרָם Aram	מַלְאָכִים messengers
יּוֹצִיאוּ they brought out	wayyiqtol · hiphil	אֲרָם Aram		אֲרָם Aram

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And when the Arameans saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they sent messengers, and brought out the Arameans that were beyond the River, with Shophach the captain of the host of Hadarezer at their head.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1CH:671.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/1CH.19.16/