2 Chronicles 36:13 דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב

Who acts: Zedekiah, king Nebuchadnezzar · What happens: rebel, make, swear, stiffen, harden, turn · To what, where: Zedekiah, neck, heart

This is 2 Chronicles 36:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Zedekiah, king Nebuchadnezzar — and what happens in the verse to Zedekiah, neck, heart, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 36 chapters of 2 Chronicles on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְ֠גַם בַּמֶּ֤לֶךְ נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּר֙ מָרָ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁבִּיע֖וֹ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיֶּ֤קֶשׁ אֶת־עָרְפּוֹ֙ וַיְאַמֵּ֣ץ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ מִשּׁ֕וּב אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD, the God of Israel.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ֠	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 מָרָ֔ד	cc	and
2	גַם	גַּם	ADV	_	7 מָרָ֔ד	advmod	also
3	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	5 מֶּ֤לֶךְ	case	against
4	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 מֶּ֤לֶךְ	det	the
5	מֶּ֤לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 מָרָ֔ד	obl	king
6	נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּר֙	נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר	PROPN	_	5 מֶּ֤לֶךְ	appos	Nebuchadnezzar
7	מָרָ֔ד	מָרַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he rebelled
8	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	9 הִשְׁבִּיע	mark	who
9	הִשְׁבִּיע	שָׁבַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	5 מֶּ֤לֶךְ	acl:relcl	he
10	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 הִשְׁבִּיע	obj	had made him swear an oath
11	בֵּֽ	בְּ	ADP	_	12 אלֹהִ֑ים	case	by
12	אלֹהִ֑ים	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	9 הִשְׁבִּיע	obl	God
13	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יֶּ֤קֶשׁ	cc	and
14	יֶּ֤קֶשׁ	קָשָׁה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	7 מָרָ֔ד	conj	he stiffened
15	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	16 עָרְפּ	case	(et)
16	עָרְפּ	עֹרֶף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 יֶּ֤קֶשׁ	obj	neck
17	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 עָרְפּ	nmod:poss	his
18	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 יְאַמֵּ֣ץ	cc	and
19	יְאַמֵּ֣ץ	אָמֵץ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	7 מָרָ֔ד	conj	he made hard
20	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	21 לְבָב	case	(et)
21	לְבָב	לֵבָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 יְאַמֵּ֣ץ	obj	heart
22	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 לְבָב	nmod:poss	his
23	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	24 שּׁ֕וּב	case	from
24	שּׁ֕וּב	שׁוּב	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	19 יְאַמֵּ֣ץ	advcl	turning back
25	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	26 יְהוָ֖ה	case	to
26	יְהוָ֖ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	24 שּׁ֕וּב	obl	Yahweh
27	אֱלֹהֵ֥י	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	26 יְהוָ֖ה	appos	the God
28	יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	27 אֱלֹהֵ֥י	compound:smixut	of Israel
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
מָרָד he rebelled	qatal · qal
הִשְׁבִּיע he	qatal · hiphil	וֹ had made him swear an oath
יֶּקֶשׁ he stiffened	wayyiqtol · hiphil	עָרְפּ neck
יְאַמֵּץ he made hard	wayyiqtol · piel		לְבָב heart
שּׁוּב turning back	infinitive construct · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD, the God of Israel.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2CH:811.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.36.13/