Daniel 2:40 דָּנִיֵּאל

Who acts: fourth kingdom, iron · What happens: be, break, beat down, crush · To what, where: pieces, things, these

This is Daniel 2:40 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — fourth kingdom, iron — and what happens in the verse to pieces, things, these, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וּמַלְכוּ֙ רְבִ֣יעָאָ֔ה תֶּהֱוֵ֥א תַקִּיפָ֖ה כְּפַרְזְלָ֑א כָּל־קֳבֵ֗ל דִּ֤י פַרְזְלָא֙ מְהַדֵּ֤ק וְחָשֵׁל֙ כֹּ֔לָּא וּֽכְפַרְזְלָ֛א דִּֽי־מְרָעַ֥ע כָּל־אִלֵּ֖ין תַּדִּ֥ק וְתֵרֹֽעַ׃

And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron; forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and beateth down all things; and as iron that crusheth all these, shall it break in pieces and crush.

The tree

This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 תַקִּיפָ֖ה	cc	and
2	מַלְכוּ֙	מַלְכוּ	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	5 תַקִּיפָ֖ה	nsubj	a kingdom
3	רְבִ֣יעָאָ֔ה	רְבִיעִי	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 מַלְכוּ֙	nummod	fourth
4	תֶּהֱוֵ֥א	הוה	AUX	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing Person=3	5 תַקִּיפָ֖ה	cop	it will be
5	תַקִּיפָ֖ה	תַּקִּיף	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	root	root	strong
6	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	7 פַרְזְל	case	like
7	פַרְזְל	פַּרְזֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 תַקִּיפָ֖ה	obl	(the)
8	ָ֑א	א	DET	PronType=Art	7 פַרְזְל	det	iron
9	כָּ	כְּ	ADP	_	11 קֳבֵ֗ל	case	as
10	ל־	לְ	ADP	_	11 קֳבֵ֗ל	case	to
11	קֳבֵ֗ל	קֳבֵל	NOUN	_	5 תַקִּיפָ֖ה	obl	because
12	דִּ֤י	דִּי	SCONJ	_	15 מְהַדֵּ֤ק	mark	that
13	פַרְזְל	פַּרְזֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 מְהַדֵּ֤ק	nsubj	the
14	ָא֙	א	DET	PronType=Art	13 פַרְזְל	det	iron
15	מְהַדֵּ֤ק	דְּקַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HAPHEL Number=Sing	11 קֳבֵ֗ל	acl:relcl	[is] shattering
16	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 חָשֵׁל֙	cc	and [is]
17	חָשֵׁל֙	חֲשַׁל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing	15 מְהַדֵּ֤ק	conj	crushing
18	כֹּ֔לּ	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 מְהַדֵּ֤ק	obj	(the)
19	ָא	א	DET	PronType=Art	18 כֹּ֔לּ	det	everything
20	וּֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 תַּדִּ֥ק	cc	and
21	כְ	כְּ	ADP	_	22 פַרְזְל	case	like
22	פַרְזְל	פַּרְזֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	28 תַּדִּ֥ק	obl	(the)
23	ָ֛א	א	DET	PronType=Art	22 פַרְזְל	det	iron
24	דִּֽי־	דִּי	SCONJ	_	25 מְרָעַ֥ע	mark	which
25	מְרָעַ֥ע	רְעַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing	22 פַרְזְל	acl:relcl	[is] crushing
26	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	28 תַּדִּ֥ק	obj	all
27	אִלֵּ֖ין	אִלֵּין	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	26 כָּל־	det	these
28	תַּדִּ֥ק	דְּקַק	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=HAPHEL Number=Sing Person=3	5 תַקִּיפָ֖ה	conj	it will shatter
29	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	30 תֵרֹֽעַ	cc	and
30	תֵרֹֽעַ	רְעַע	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing Person=3	28 תַּדִּ֥ק	conj	it will crush
31	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	30 תֵרֹֽעַ	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תֶּהֱוֵא it will be	yiqtol · peal	מַלְכוּ a kingdom
מְהַדֵּק [is] shattering	participle active · haphel	פַרְזְל the	כֹּלּ (the)
חָשֵׁל crushing	participle active · peal	פַרְזְל the	כֹּלּ (the)
מְרָעַע [is] crushing	participle active · peal	פַרְזְל (the)
תַּדִּק it will shatter	yiqtol · haphel	מַלְכוּ a kingdom	אִלֵּין these
תֵרֹֽעַ it will crush	yiqtol · peal	מַלְכוּ a kingdom	אִלֵּין these

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron; forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and beateth down all things; and as iron that crusheth all these, shall it break in pieces and crush.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc-arc:DAN:36.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.40/