Daniel 7:10 דָּנִיֵּאל

Who acts: fiery stream, thousand thousands, times thousand · What happens: issue, come, minister, stand, set, open · To what, where: judgment, books

This is Daniel 7:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — fiery stream, thousand thousands, times thousand — and what happens in the verse to judgment, books, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Daniel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

נְהַ֣ר דִּי־נ֗וּר נָגֵ֤ד וְנָפֵק֙ מִן־קֳדָמ֔וֹהִי אֶ֤לֶף אַלְפִין֙ יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנֵּ֔הּ וְרִבּ֥וֹ רִבְבָ֖ן קָֽדָמ֣וֹהִי יְקוּמ֑וּן דִּינָ֥א יְתִ֖ב וְסִפְרִ֥ין פְּתִֽיחוּ׃

A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him; thousand thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him; the judgment was set, and the books were opened.

The tree

This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	נְהַ֣ר	נְהַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 נָגֵ֤ד	nsubj	a river
2	דִּי־	דִּי	SCONJ	_	3 נ֗וּר	mark	(diy) of
3	נ֗וּר	נוּר	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 נְהַ֣ר	acl:relcl	fire
4	נָגֵ֤ד	נְגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing	root	root	[was] flowing
5	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 נָפֵק֙	cc	and
6	נָפֵק֙	נְפַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing	4 נָגֵ֤ד	conj	coming out
7	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	9 הִי	case	from
8	קֳדָמ֔וֹ	קֳדָם	ADP	_	9 הִי	case	before
9	הִי	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 נָגֵ֤ד	obl	him
10	אֶ֤לֶף	אֲלַף	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנּ	nsubj	a thousand
11	אַלְפִין֙	אֲלַף	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	10 אֶ֤לֶף	flat	of thousands
12	יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנּ	שְׁמַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PAEL Number=Plur Person=3	4 נָגֵ֤ד	parataxis	they
13	ֵ֔הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנּ	obj	were ministering to him
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 יְקוּמ֑וּן	cc	and
15	רִבּ֥וֹ	רִבּוֹ	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	19 יְקוּמ֑וּן	nsubj	a myriad
16	רִבְבָ֖ן	רִבּוֹ	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	15 רִבּ֥וֹ	flat	of myriads
17	קָֽדָמ֣וֹ	קֳדָם	ADP	_	18 הִי	case	before
18	הִי	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 יְקוּמ֑וּן	obl	him
19	יְקוּמ֑וּן	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 נָגֵ֤ד	conj	they were standing
20	דִּינ	דִּין	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 יְתִ֖ב	nsubj	the
21	ָ֥א	א	DET	PronType=Art	20 דִּינ	det	court
22	יְתִ֖ב	יְתִב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 נָגֵ֤ד	parataxis	it sat
23	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 פְּתִֽיחוּ	cc	and
24	סִפְרִ֥ין	סְפַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	25 פְּתִֽיחוּ	nsubj	books
25	פְּתִֽיחוּ	פְּתַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEIL Number=Plur Person=3	4 נָגֵ֤ד	conj	they were opened
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 פְּתִֽיחוּ	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
נָגֵד [was] flowing	participle active · peal	נְהַר a river
נָפֵק coming out	participle active · peal	נְהַר a river
יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנּ they	yiqtol · pael	אֶלֶף a thousand + אַלְפִין of thousands	ֵהּ were ministering to him
יְקוּמוּן they were standing	yiqtol · peal	רִבּוֹ a myriad + רִבְבָן of myriads
יְתִב it sat	qatal · peal	דִּינ the
פְּתִֽיחוּ they were opened	qatal · peil		סִפְרִין books

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him; thousand thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him; the judgment was set, and the books were opened.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc-arc:DAN:181.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.10/