Ezra 4:18 עֶזְרָא
Who acts: ye · What happens: send, read · To what, where: letter
This is Ezra 4:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye — and what happens in the verse to letter, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Ezra on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
נִשְׁתְּוָנָ֕א דִּ֥י שְׁלַחְתּ֖וּן עֲלֶ֑ינָא מְפָרַ֥שׁ קֱרִ֖י קָדָמָֽי׃
the letter which ye sent unto us hath been plainly read before me.
The tree
This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | נִשְׁתְּוָנ | נִשְׁתְּוָן | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 קֱרִ֖י | nsubj | the |
| 2 | ָ֕א | א | DET | PronType=Art | 1 נִשְׁתְּוָנ | det | letter |
| 3 | דִּ֥י | דִּי | SCONJ | _ | 4 שְׁלַחְתּ֖וּן | mark | which |
| 4 | שְׁלַחְתּ֖וּן | שְׁלַח | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEAL Number=Plur Person=2 | 1 נִשְׁתְּוָנ | acl:relcl | you sent |
| 5 | עֲלֶ֑י | עַל | ADP | _ | 6 נָא | case | to |
| 6 | נָא | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 שְׁלַחְתּ֖וּן | obl | us |
| 7 | מְפָרַ֥שׁ | פְּרַשׁ | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PAEL Number=Sing | 8 קֱרִ֖י | obl:npmod | [was] made distinct |
| 8 | קֱרִ֖י | קְרָא | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PEIL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | it was read aloud |
| 9 | קָדָמ | קֳדָם | ADP | _ | 10 ָֽי | case | before |
| 10 | ָֽי | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 8 קֱרִ֖י | obl | me |
| 11 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 10 ָֽי | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| שְׁלַחְתּוּן you sent | qatal · peal | נִשְׁתְּוָנ the | |||
| קֱרִי it was read aloud | qatal · peil | נִשְׁתְּוָנ the |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc-arc:EZR:10.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.18/