Ezra 4:18 · JPS 1917
the letter which ye sent unto us hath been plainly read before me.
Who acts: ye · What happens: send, read · To what, where: letter
This is Ezra 4:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 letter | det |
| 2 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 read | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 sent | obj |
| 4 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 5 sent | nsubj |
| 5 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 letter | acl:relcl |
| 6 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 7 us | case |
| 7 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 sent | obl |
| 8 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 read | aux |
| 9 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 read | aux:pass |
| 10 | plainly | plainly | ADV | _ | 11 read | advmod |
| 11 | read | read | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | before | before | ADP | _ | 13 me | case |
| 13 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 read | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 read | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- evaluate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | send | past | ye | the letter | unto us | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme | |||
| 2 | read | present · perfect · passive | the letter | before me | plainly property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Aramaic of this verse
נִשְׁתְּוָנָ֕א דִּ֥י שְׁלַחְתּ֖וּן עֲלֶ֑ינָא מְפָרַ֥שׁ קֱרִ֖י קָדָמָֽי׃
Ezra 4:18: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:EZR:113 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.113/