Proverbs 28:24 מִשְׁלֵי

Who acts: Whoso, favour, same · What happens: rob, say, be · To what, where: father, transgression, companion · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Proverbs 28:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Whoso, favour, same — and what happens in the verse to father, transgression, companion, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of Proverbs on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

גּוֹזֵ֤ל ׀ אָ֘בִ֤יו וְאִמּ֗וֹ וְאֹמֵ֥ר אֵֽין־פָּ֑שַׁע חָבֵ֥ר ה֝֗וּא לְאִ֣ישׁ מַשְׁחִֽית׃

Whoso robbeth his father or his mother, and saith: 'It is no transgression', the same is the companion of a destroyer.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	גּוֹזֵ֤ל	גָּזַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	12 חָבֵ֥ר	parataxis	[one who] robs
2	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	1 גּוֹזֵ֤ל	punct
3	אָ֘בִ֤י	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 גּוֹזֵ֤ל	obj	father
4	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 אָ֘בִ֤י	nmod:poss	his
5	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 אִמּ	cc	and
6	אִמּ	אֵם	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	3 אָ֘בִ֤י	conj	mother
7	֗וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 אִמּ	nmod:poss	his
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 אֹמֵ֥ר	cc	and
9	אֹמֵ֥ר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	1 גּוֹזֵ֤ל	conj	[one who] says
10	אֵֽין־	אַיִן	ADV	_	9 אֹמֵ֥ר	ccomp	there [is] not
11	פָּ֑שַׁע	פֶּשַׁע	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 אֵֽין־	nsubj	a transgression
12	חָבֵ֥ר	חָבֵר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	root	root	[is] a companion
13	ה֝֗וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 חָבֵ֥ר	nsubj	he
14	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	15 אִ֣ישׁ	case	of
15	אִ֣ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 חָבֵ֥ר	obl	a person
16	מַשְׁחִֽית	שָׁחַת	NOUN	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing	15 אִ֣ישׁ	appos	of destruction
17	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	16 מַשְׁחִֽית	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
גּוֹזֵל [one who] robs	participle active · qal		אָבִי father + אִמּ mother
not אֹמֵר [one who] says	participle active · qal	גּוֹזֵל [one who] robs	אֵֽין־ there [is] not

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

דְגָזֵל לַאֲבוּי וּלְאִמֵיהּ וַאֲמַר לֵית חוֹבָא חַבְרָא הוּא לְגַבְרָא מְחַבְּלָנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Whoso robbeth his father or his mother, and saith: 'It is no transgression', the same is the companion of a destroyer.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:PRO:819.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PRO.28.24/