Ruth 1:8 רוּת

Who acts: Naomi, LORD, ye · What happens: say, go, return, deal · To what, where: each · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Ruth 1:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Naomi, LORD, ye — and what happens in the verse to each, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Ruth on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַתֹּ֤אמֶר נָעֳמִי֙ לִשְׁתֵּ֣י כַלֹּתֶ֔יהָ לֵ֣כְנָה שֹּׁ֔בְנָה אִשָּׁ֖ה לְבֵ֣ית אִמָּ֑הּ יַ֣עַשׂ יְהוָ֤ה עִמָּכֶם֙ חֶ֔סֶד כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם עִם־הַמֵּתִ֖ים וְעִמָּדִֽי׃

And Naomi said unto her two daughters-in-law: 'Go, return each of you to her mother's house; the LORD deal kindly with you, as ye have dealt with the dead, and with me.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 תֹּ֤אמֶר	cc	and
2	תֹּ֤אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	she said
3	נָעֳמִי֙	נׇעֳמִי	PROPN	_	2 תֹּ֤אמֶר	nsubj	Naomi
4	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	6 כַלֹּתֶ֔י	case	to
5	שְׁתֵּ֣י	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Dual	6 כַלֹּתֶ֔י	nummod	the two
6	כַלֹּתֶ֔י	כַּלָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	2 תֹּ֤אמֶר	obl	daughters-in-law
7	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 כַלֹּתֶ֔י	nmod:poss	her
8	לֵ֣כְנָה	הלך	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	2 תֹּ֤אמֶר	ccomp	go
9	שֹּׁ֔בְנָה	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	8 לֵ֣כְנָה	parataxis	return
10	אִשָּׁ֖ה	אִשָּׁה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	9 שֹּׁ֔בְנָה	obl	[each] woman
11	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	12 בֵ֣ית	case	to
12	בֵ֣ית	בַּיִת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 שֹּׁ֔בְנָה	obl	the house
13	אִמּ	אֵם	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	12 בֵ֣ית	compound:smixut	her mother
14	ָ֑הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 אִמּ	nmod:poss	her
15	יַ֣עַשׂ	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	8 לֵ֣כְנָה	parataxis	may he deal
16	יְהוָ֤ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	15 יַ֣עַשׂ	nsubj	Yahweh
17	עִמּ	עִם	ADP	_	18 ָכֶם֙	case	with
18	ָכֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	15 יַ֣עַשׂ	obl	you
19	חֶ֔סֶד	חֶסֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 יַ֣עַשׂ	obj	covenant loyalty
20	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	15 יַ֣עַשׂ	obl	just
21	אֲשֶׁ֧ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	22 עֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם	mark	as
22	עֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	20 כַּ	acl:relcl	you have dealt
23	עִם־	עִם	ADP	_	25 מֵּתִ֖ים	case	with
24	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	25 מֵּתִ֖ים	mark	the
25	מֵּתִ֖ים	מוּת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	22 עֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם	advcl	dead
26	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	27 עִמָּד	cc	and
27	עִמָּד	עִמָּד	NOUN	_	25 מֵּתִ֖ים	conj	with
28	ִֽי	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	27 עִמָּד	nmod:poss	me
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 ִֽי	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תֹּאמֶר she said	wayyiqtol · qal	נָעֳמִי Naomi
לֵכְנָה go	imperative · qal	כַלֹּתֶי daughters-in-law
שֹּׁבְנָה return	imperative · qal	כַלֹּתֶי daughters-in-law
יַעַשׂ may he deal	jussive · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh	חֶסֶד covenant loyalty
עֲשִׂיתֶם you have dealt	qatal · qal	כַלֹּתֶי daughters-in-law	חֶסֶד covenant loyalty
מֵּתִים dead	participle active · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

The Targum

וַאֲמָרַת נָעֳמִי לְתַרְתֵּין כַּלָתָהָא אִיזֵילְנָא תֻבְנָא אִתְּתָא לְבֵית אִמָהּ יַעֲבֵיד יְיָ עִמְּכוֹן טִיבוּ כְּמָא דַּעֲבַדְתּוּן עִם בַּעְלֵיכוֹן שְׁכִיבַיָּא דְּסָרֵיבְתוּן לְמִסַּב גּוּבְרַיָּא בָּתַר מוֹתֵיהוֹן וְעִמִּי דְּזַנְתּוּן וְסוֹבַרְתּוּן יָתִי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Naomi said unto her two daughters-in-law: 'Go, return each of you to her mother's house; the LORD deal kindly with you, as ye have dealt with the dead, and with me.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:RUT:7.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/RUT.1.8/