Daniel 8:3 · JPS 1917
And I lifted up mine eyes, and saw, and, behold, there stood before the stream a ram which had two horns; and the two horns were high; but one was higher than the other, and the higher came up last.
Who acts: I, ram, two horns, one, higher · What happens: lift up, see, stand, have, be, come up · To what, where: eyes, stream, two horns
This is Daniel 8:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, ram, two horns, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 lifted | cc |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 lifted | nsubj |
| 3 | lifted | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 lifted | compound:prt |
| 5 | mine | mine | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 6 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lifted | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 saw | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 saw | cc |
| 9 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 lifted | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 stood | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 stood | cc |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 behold | punct |
| 13 | behold | behold | INTJ | _ | 16 stood | discourse |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 behold | punct |
| 15 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 16 stood | expl |
| 16 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 lifted | conj |
| 17 | before | before | ADP | _ | 19 stream | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 stream | det |
| 19 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 stood | obl |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 ram | det |
| 21 | ram | ram | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 stood | nsubj |
| 22 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 had | nsubj |
| 23 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 ram | acl:relcl |
| 24 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 25 horns | nummod |
| 25 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 had | obj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 high | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 high | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 horns | det |
| 29 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 30 horns | nummod |
| 30 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 high | nsubj |
| 31 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 high | cop |
| 32 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 lifted | conj |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 higher | punct |
| 34 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 37 higher | cc |
| 35 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 37 higher | nsubj |
| 36 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 higher | cop |
| 37 | higher | high | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 3 lifted | conj |
| 38 | than | than | ADP | _ | 40 other | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 other | det |
| 40 | other | other | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 higher | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 came | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 came | cc |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 higher | det |
| 44 | higher | high | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 came | nsubj |
| 45 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 higher | conj |
| 46 | up | up | ADV | _ | 45 came | advmod |
| 47 | last | last | ADV | Degree=Pos | 45 came | advmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lifted | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lift up | past | I | mine eyes | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme | ||||
| 2 | see | past | I not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | stand | past | a ram | the stream; there | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before stream=Location | ||||
| 4 | have | past | a ram | two horns | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient | ||||
| 5 | is | past | the two horns | high property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | is | past | one | than the other; high property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | come up | past | the higher | last property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וָאֶשָּׂ֤א עֵינַי֙ וָאֶרְאֶ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֗ד עֹמֵ֛ד לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֻבָ֖ל וְל֣וֹ קְרָנָ֑יִם וְהַקְּרָנַ֣יִם גְּבֹה֗וֹת וְהָאַחַת֙ גְּבֹהָ֣ה מִן־הַשֵּׁנִ֔ית וְהַ֨גְּבֹהָ֔ה עֹלָ֖ה בָּאַחֲרֹנָֽה׃
Daniel 8:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:DAN:240 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.240/