Daniel 3:25 · JPS 1917
He answered and said: 'Lo, I see four men loose, walking in the midst of the fire, and they have no hurt; and the appearance of the fourth is like a son of the gods.'
Who acts: man, I, four men, ministers, appearance · What happens: answer, say, see, walk, have, be · To what, where: four men, midst, hurt · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Daniel 3:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, I, four men, ministers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 answered | nsubj |
| 2 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 said | cc |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 answered | conj |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
| 6 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 10 see | punct |
| 7 | Lo | lo | INTJ | _ | 10 see | discourse |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 Lo | punct |
| 9 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 see | nsubj |
| 10 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 said | ccomp |
| 11 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 men | nummod |
| 12 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 see | obj |
| 13 | loose | loose | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 see | xcomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 walking | punct |
| 15 | walking | walk | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 men | acl |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 midst | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 midst | det |
| 18 | midst | midst | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 walking | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 fire | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 fire | det |
| 21 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 midst | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 have | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 have | cc |
| 24 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 have | nsubj |
| 25 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 see | conj |
| 26 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 27 hurt | det |
| 27 | hurt | hurt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 have | obj |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 son | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 son | cc |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 appearance | det |
| 31 | appearance | appearance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 son | nsubj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 fourth | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 fourth | det |
| 34 | fourth | fourth | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumType=Ord | 31 appearance | nmod |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 son | cop |
| 36 | like | like | ADP | _ | 38 son | case |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 son | det |
| 38 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 see | conj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 gods | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 gods | det |
| 41 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 son | nmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 answered | punct |
| 43 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 10 see | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | answer speech: assert | past | man | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | man not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | see | present | I | four men | loose property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | walk | gerund | four men not said here | the midst of the fire | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in midst=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | have | present | ministers = minister | no hurt | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hurt=Patient | ||||
| 6 | is | present | the appearance of the fourth | like a son; of the gods | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Aramaic of this verse
עָנֵ֣ה וְאָמַ֗ר הָֽא־אֲנָ֨ה חָזֵ֜ה גֻּבְרִ֣ין אַרְבְּעָ֗ה שְׁרַ֙יִן֙ מַהְלְכִ֣ין בְּגֽוֹא־נוּרָ֔א וַחֲבָ֖ל לָא־אִיתַ֣י בְּה֑וֹן וְרֵוֵהּ֙ דִּ֣י רְֽבִיעָאָ֔ה דָּמֵ֖ה לְבַר־אֱלָהִֽין׃ס
Daniel 3:25: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:DAN:99 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.99/