1 Kings 18:28 מְלָכִים א

Who acts: bullocks, blood · What happens: cry, cut, gush out · To what, where: bullocks

This is 1 Kings 18:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — bullocks, blood — and what happens in the verse to bullocks, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַֽיִּקְרְאוּ֙ בְּק֣וֹל גָּד֔וֹל וַיִּתְגֹּֽדְדוּ֙ כְּמִשְׁפָּטָ֔ם בַּחֲרָב֖וֹת וּבָֽרְמָחִ֑ים עַד־שְׁפָךְ־דָּ֖ם עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃

And they cried aloud, and cut themselves after their manner with swords and lances, till the blood gushed out upon them.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּקְרְאוּ֙	cc	and
2	יִּקְרְאוּ֙	קָרָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they called out
3	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	4 ק֣וֹל	case	with
4	ק֣וֹל	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יִּקְרְאוּ֙	obl	a voice
5	גָּד֔וֹל	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 ק֣וֹל	amod	great
6	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 יִּתְגֹּֽדְדוּ֙	cc	and
7	יִּתְגֹּֽדְדוּ֙	גָּדַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPOLEL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּקְרְאוּ֙	conj	they cut themselves
8	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	9 מִשְׁפָּט	case	according
9	מִשְׁפָּט	מִשְׁפָּט	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 יִּתְגֹּֽדְדוּ֙	obl	to
10	ָ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 מִשְׁפָּט	nmod:poss	their custom
11	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	13 חֲרָב֖וֹת	case	with
12	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 חֲרָב֖וֹת	det
13	חֲרָב֖וֹת	חֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	7 יִּתְגֹּֽדְדוּ֙	obl	swords
14	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 רְמָחִ֑ים	cc	and
15	בָֽ	בְּ	ADP	_	17 רְמָחִ֑ים	case	with
16	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 רְמָחִ֑ים	det	(the)
17	רְמָחִ֑ים	רֹמַח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 חֲרָב֖וֹת	conj	spears
18	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	19 שְׁפָךְ־	case	until
19	שְׁפָךְ־	שָׁפַךְ	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	7 יִּתְגֹּֽדְדוּ֙	advcl	poured out
20	דָּ֖ם	דָּם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 שְׁפָךְ־	nsubj	blood
21	עֲלֵי	עַל	ADP	_	22 הֶֽם	case	over
22	הֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 שְׁפָךְ־	obl	them
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 הֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יִּקְרְאוּ they called out	wayyiqtol · qal
יִּתְגֹּֽדְדוּ they cut themselves	wayyiqtol · hithpolel
שְׁפָךְ־ poured out	infinitive construct · qal	דָּם blood

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּקְרוֹ בְּקַל רַב וְאִתְחַמָמוּ כְּנִימוּסֵיהוֹן בְּסַיְפִין וּבְרוֹמְחִין עַד דְאִשְׁתַּפִיךְ דְמָא עֲלֵיהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And they cried aloud, and cut themselves after their manner with swords and lances, till the blood gushed out upon them.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1KI:651.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.18.28/