1 Kings 21:8 מְלָכִים א

Who acts: heart, nobles, that, Ahab · What happens: write, seal, send, be, dwell, name · To what, where: letters, name, city

This is 1 Kings 21:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — heart, nobles, that, Ahab — and what happens in the verse to letters, name, city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַתִּכְתֹּ֤ב סְפָרִים֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם אַחְאָ֔ב וַתַּחְתֹּ֖ם בְּחֹתָמ֑וֹ וַתִּשְׁלַ֣ח סְפָרִ֗ים אֶל־הַזְקֵנִ֤יםוְאֶל־הַֽחֹרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּעִיר֔וֹ הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים אֶת־נָבֽוֹת׃

So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were in his city, and that dwelt with Naboth.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 תִּכְתֹּ֤ב	cc	and
2	תִּכְתֹּ֤ב	כָּתַב	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	she wrote
3	סְפָרִים֙	סֵפֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 תִּכְתֹּ֤ב	obj	letters
4	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	5 שֵׁ֣ם	case	in
5	שֵׁ֣ם	שֵׁם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 תִּכְתֹּ֤ב	obl	the name
6	אַחְאָ֔ב	אַחְאָב	PROPN	_	5 שֵׁ֣ם	compound:smixut	of Ahab
7	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 תַּחְתֹּ֖ם	cc	and
8	תַּחְתֹּ֖ם	חָתַם	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תִּכְתֹּ֤ב	conj	she sealed [them]
9	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	10 חֹתָמ	case	with
10	חֹתָמ	חֹותָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 תַּחְתֹּ֖ם	obl	seal
11	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 חֹתָמ	nmod:poss	his
12	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 תִּשְׁלַ֣ח	cc	and
13	תִּשְׁלַ֣ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 תִּכְתֹּ֤ב	conj	she sent
14	סְפָרִ֗ים	סֵפֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 תִּשְׁלַ֣ח	obj	letters
15	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	17 זְקֵנִ֤ים	case	to
16	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 זְקֵנִ֤ים	det	the
17	זְקֵנִ֤ים	זָקֵן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 תִּשְׁלַ֣ח	obl	elders
18	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 חֹרִים֙	cc	and
19	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	21 חֹרִים֙	case	to
20	הַֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 חֹרִים֙	det	the
21	חֹרִים֙	חֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	17 זְקֵנִ֤ים	conj	nobles
22	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	24 עִיר	mark	who
23	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	24 עִיר	case	[were] in
24	עִיר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	21 חֹרִים֙	acl:relcl	city
25	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 עִיר	nmod:poss	his
26	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	27 יֹּשְׁבִ֖ים	mark	[who
27	יֹּשְׁבִ֖ים	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	21 חֹרִים֙	acl:relcl	were] dwelling
28	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	29 נָבֽוֹת	case	with
29	נָבֽוֹת	נָבוֹת	PROPN	_	27 יֹּשְׁבִ֖ים	obl	Naboth
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 נָבֽוֹת	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תִּכְתֹּב she wrote	wayyiqtol · qal		סְפָרִים letters
תַּחְתֹּם she sealed [them]	wayyiqtol · qal		סְפָרִים letters
תִּשְׁלַח she sent	wayyiqtol · qal		סְפָרִים letters
יֹּשְׁבִים were] dwelling	participle active · qal	חֹרִים nobles + זְקֵנִים elders

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּכְתָבַת אִגַרְתָּא בִּשְׁמָא דְאַחְאָב וַחֲתָמַת בְּעִזְקְתֵיהּ וְשַׁדְרַת אִגְרָן לְסָבַיָא וּלְתוּרְבְּיָנֵי דִבְקַרְתָּא דְיַתְבִין עִם נָבוֹת:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

So she wrote letters in Ahab's name, and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters unto the elders and to the nobles that were in his city, and that dwelt with Naboth.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1KI:741.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.21.8/