1 Kings 22:31 מְלָכִים א

Who acts: king · What happens: command, say, fight, save · To what, where: thirty captains · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Kings 22:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king — and what happens in the verse to thirty captains, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֡ם צִוָּ֣ה אֶת־שָׂרֵי֩ הָרֶ֨כֶב אֲשֶׁר־ל֜וֹ שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֚א תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ אֶת־קָטֹ֖ן וְאֶת־גָּד֑וֹל כִּ֛י אִֽם־אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְבַדּֽוֹ׃

Now the king of Aram had commanded the thirty and two captains of his chariots, saying: 'Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king of Israel.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 צִוָּ֣ה	cc	and
2	מֶ֣לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 צִוָּ֣ה	nsubj	the king
3	אֲרָ֡ם	אֲרָם	PROPN	_	2 מֶ֣לֶךְ	compound:smixut	of Aram
4	צִוָּ֣ה	צָוָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he had commanded
5	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	6 שָׂרֵי֩	case	(et)
6	שָׂרֵי֩	שַׂר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	4 צִוָּ֣ה	obj	the commanders
7	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 רֶ֨כֶב	det	of
8	רֶ֨כֶב	רֶכֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 שָׂרֵי֩	compound:smixut	the chariotry
9	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	11 ֜וֹ	mark	which
10	ל	לְ	ADP	_	11 ֜וֹ	case	[belonged] to
11	֜וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 שָׂרֵי֩	acl:relcl	him
12	שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים	שָׁלֹשׁ	NUM	Number=Plur	6 שָׂרֵי֩	nummod	thirty
13	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 שְׁנַ֙יִם֙	cc	and
14	שְׁנַ֙יִם֙	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	12 שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים	conj	two
15	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	18 תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ	mark	(cmp)
16	אמֹ֔ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	15 לֵ	fixed
17	לֹ֚א	לֹא	ADV	_	18 תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ	advmod	not
18	תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ	לָחַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=2	4 צִוָּ֣ה	ccomp	you must do battle
19	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	20 קָטֹ֖ן	case	with
20	קָטֹ֖ן	קָטֹן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ	obl	[the] small
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 גָּד֑וֹל	cc	and
22	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	23 גָּד֑וֹל	case	with
23	גָּד֑וֹל	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 קָטֹ֖ן	conj	[the] great
24	כִּ֛י	כִּי	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	27 מֶ֥לֶךְ	mark	(dm)
25	אִֽם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	24 כִּ֛י	fixed	(if)
26	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	27 מֶ֥לֶךְ	case	with
27	מֶ֥לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ	parataxis	the king
28	יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	27 מֶ֥לֶךְ	compound:smixut	of Israel
29	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	30 בַדּ	case	him
30	בַדּ	בַּד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	27 מֶ֥לֶךְ	nmod
31	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 בַדּ	nmod:poss	alone
32	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	31 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
indirect: yes
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
צִוָּה he had commanded	qatal · piel	מֶלֶךְ the king	שָׂרֵי the commanders
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	מֶלֶךְ the king
not תִּלָּחֲמוּ you must do battle	yiqtol · niphal	שָׂרֵי the commanders

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּמַלְכָּא דַאֲרָם פַּקֵיד יַת רַבָּנֵי רְתִיכָא דִילֵיהּ תְּלָתִין וּתְרֵין מַלְכְּוָן לְמֵימַר לָא תַגִיחוּן קְרָבָא עִם זְעֵירָא וְעִם רַבָּא אֱלָהֵין עִם מַלְכָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל בִּלְחוֹדוֹהִי:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Now the king of Aram had commanded the thirty and two captains of his chariots, saying: 'Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king of Israel.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1KI:793.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.22.31/