1 Kings 22:32 מְלָכִים א

Who acts: small, captains, Jehoshaphat · What happens: come, pass, see, say, be, turn · To what, where: Jehoshaphat, king · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Kings 22:32 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — small, captains, Jehoshaphat — and what happens in the verse to Jehoshaphat, king, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 22 chapters of 1 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיְהִ֡י כִּרְאוֹת֩ שָׂרֵ֨י הָרֶ֜כֶב אֶת־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט וְהֵ֤מָּה אָֽמְרוּ֙ אַ֣ךְ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל ה֔וּא וַיָּסֻ֥רוּ עָלָ֖יו לְהִלָּחֵ֑ם וַיִּזְעַ֖ק יְהוֹשָׁפָֽט׃

And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, that they said: 'Surely it is the king of Israel'; and they turned aside to fight against him; and Jehoshaphat cried out.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יְהִ֡י	cc	and
2	יְהִ֡י	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it was
3	כִּ	כְּ	ADP	_	4 רְאוֹת֩	case	just
4	רְאוֹת֩	רָאָה	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	2 יְהִ֡י	advcl	as saw
5	שָׂרֵ֨י	שַׂר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	4 רְאוֹת֩	nsubj	the commanders
6	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 רֶ֜כֶב	det	of
7	רֶ֜כֶב	רֶכֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 שָׂרֵ֨י	compound:smixut	the chariotry
8	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	9 יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט	case	(et)
9	יְהוֹשָׁפָ֗ט	יְהוֹשָׁפָט	PROPN	_	4 רְאוֹת֩	obj	Jehoshaphat
10	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 אָֽמְרוּ֙	cc	and
11	הֵ֤מָּה	הֵמָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 אָֽמְרוּ֙	nsubj	they
12	אָֽמְרוּ֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יְהִ֡י	conj	they said
13	אַ֣ךְ	אַךְ	ADV	_	14 מֶֽלֶךְ־	advmod	surely
14	מֶֽלֶךְ־	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 אָֽמְרוּ֙	ccomp	[is] the king
15	יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	14 מֶֽלֶךְ־	compound:smixut	of Israel
16	ה֔וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 מֶֽלֶךְ־	nsubj	it
17	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 יָּסֻ֥רוּ	cc	and
18	יָּסֻ֥רוּ	סוּר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יְהִ֡י	conj	they turned aside
19	עָלָ֖י	עַל	ADP	_	20 ו	case	on
20	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 יָּסֻ֥רוּ	obl	him
21	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	22 הִלָּחֵ֑ם	case	to
22	הִלָּחֵ֑ם	לָחַם	VERB	HebBinyan=NIPHAL	18 יָּסֻ֥רוּ	advcl	do battle
23	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 יִּזְעַ֖ק	cc	and
24	יִּזְעַ֖ק	זָעַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יְהִ֡י	conj	he cried out
25	יְהוֹשָׁפָֽט	יְהוֹשָׁפָט	PROPN	_	24 יִּזְעַ֖ק	nsubj	Jehoshaphat
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 יְהוֹשָׁפָֽט	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
רְאוֹת as saw	infinitive construct · qal	שָׂרֵי the commanders	יְהוֹשָׁפָט Jehoshaphat
אָֽמְרוּ they said	qatal · qal	הֵמָּה they
יָּסֻרוּ they turned aside	wayyiqtol · qal	שָׂרֵי the commanders
הִלָּחֵם do battle	infinitive construct · niphal	שָׂרֵי the commanders
יִּזְעַק he cried out	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוֹשָׁפָֽט Jehoshaphat

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַהֲוָה כַּד חֲזוֹ רַבָּנֵי רְתִיכַיָא יַת יְהוֹשָׁפָט וְאִינוּן אֲמַרוּ בְּרַם מַלְכָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל הוּא וְזָרוּ עֲלוֹהִי לְאַגָחָא קְרָבָא בֵיהּ וּצְוַח יְהוֹשָׁפָט:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And it came to pass, when the captains of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, that they said: 'Surely it is the king of Israel'; and they turned aside to fight against him; and Jehoshaphat cried out.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1KI:794.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.22.32/