1 Kings 22:31 · JPS 1917
Now the king of Aram had commanded the thirty and two captains of his chariots, saying: 'Fight neither with small nor great, save only with the king of Israel.'
Who acts: king · What happens: command, say, fight, save · To what, where: thirty captains · Speech: someone speaks here
This is 1 Kings 22:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 7 commanded | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 king | det |
| 3 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 commanded | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Aram | case |
| 5 | Aram | Aram | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 king | nmod |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 commanded | aux |
| 7 | commanded | command | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 captains | det |
| 9 | thirty | thirty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 captains | nummod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 two | cc |
| 11 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 thirty | conj |
| 12 | captains | captain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 commanded | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 chariots | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 chariots | nmod:poss |
| 15 | chariots | chariot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 captains | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 saying | punct |
| 17 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 commanded | advcl |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 20 Fight | punct |
| 19 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 20 Fight | punct |
| 20 | Fight | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 saying | ccomp |
| 21 | neither | neither | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 23 small | cc:preconj |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 small | case |
| 23 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 Fight | obl |
| 24 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 25 great | cc |
| 25 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 small | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 save | punct |
| 27 | save | save | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 Fight | conj |
| 28 | only | only | ADV | _ | 31 king | advmod |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 king | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 king | det |
| 31 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 save | obl |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 Israel | case |
| 33 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 king | nmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 commanded | punct |
| 35 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 7 commanded | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=request, indirect=0
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | command | past · perfect | the king of Aram | the thirty captains of king's chariots | now | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent captain=Eventuality | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | the king of Aram not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | fight | infinitive | with small | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with small=Co-Agent | |||||
| 4 | save | infinitive | with the king of Israel | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וּמֶ֣לֶךְ אֲרָ֡ם צִוָּ֣ה אֶת־שָׂרֵי֩ הָרֶ֨כֶב אֲשֶׁר־ל֜וֹ שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וּשְׁנַ֙יִם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֚א תִּלָּ֣חֲמ֔וּ אֶת־קָטֹ֖ן וְאֶת־גָּד֑וֹל כִּ֛י אִֽם־אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְבַדּֽוֹ׃
1 Kings 22:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1KI:836 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.836/