1 Samuel 1:8 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Elkanah, thou, I · What happens: say, weep, not eat, grieve, not be · To what, where: heart · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is 1 Samuel 1:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Elkanah, thou, I — and what happens in the verse to heart, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לָ֜הּ אֶלְקָנָ֣ה אִישָׁ֗הּ חַנָּה֙ לָ֣מֶה תִבְכִּ֗י וְלָ֙מֶה֙ לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְלִ֔י וְלָ֖מֶה יֵרַ֣ע לְבָבֵ֑ךְ הֲל֤וֹא אָֽנֹכִי֙ ט֣וֹב לָ֔ךְ מֵעֲשָׂרָ֖ה בָּנִֽים׃

And Elkanah her husband said unto her: 'Hannah, why weepest thou? and why eatest thou not? and why is thy heart grieved? am not I better to thee than ten sons?'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֨אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	ל	לְ	ADP	_	4 ָ֜הּ	case	to
4	ָ֜הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	obl	her
5	אֶלְקָנָ֣ה	אֶלְקָנָה	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	nsubj	Elkanah
6	אִישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 אֶלְקָנָ֣ה	appos	husband
7	ָ֗הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 אִישׁ	nmod:poss	her
8	חַנָּה֙	חַנָּה	PROPN	_	11 תִבְכִּ֗י	dislocated	O Hannah
9	לָ֣	לָמָה	ADP	_	10 מֶה	case
10	מֶה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	11 תִבְכִּ֗י	obl	why?
11	תִבְכִּ֗י	בָּכָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	ccomp	are you weeping
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 תֹֽאכְלִ֔י	cc	and
13	לָ֙	לָמָה	ADP	_	14 מֶה֙	case
14	מֶה֙	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	16 תֹֽאכְלִ֔י	obl	why?
15	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	16 תֹֽאכְלִ֔י	advmod	not
16	תֹֽאכְלִ֔י	אָכַל	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	11 תִבְכִּ֗י	conj	are you eating
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 יֵרַ֣ע	cc	and
18	לָ֖	לָמָה	ADP	_	19 מֶה	case
19	מֶה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	20 יֵרַ֣ע	obl	why?
20	יֵרַ֣ע	רעע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	11 תִבְכִּ֗י	conj	is it sad
21	לְבָב	לֵבָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 יֵרַ֣ע	nsubj	heart
22	ֵ֑ךְ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	21 לְבָב	nmod:poss	your
23	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	26 ט֣וֹב	advmod	?
24	ל֤וֹא	לֹא	ADV	_	26 ט֣וֹב	advmod	not
25	אָֽנֹכִי֙	אָנֹכִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	26 ט֣וֹב	nsubj	[am] I
26	ט֣וֹב	טוֹב	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 תִבְכִּ֗י	parataxis	good
27	ל	לְ	ADP	_	28 ָ֔ךְ	case	to
28	ָ֔ךְ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	26 ט֣וֹב	obl	you
29	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	31 בָּנִֽים	case	more
30	עֲשָׂרָ֖ה	עֲשָׂרָה	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	31 בָּנִֽים	nummod	than ten
31	בָּנִֽים	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	26 ט֣וֹב	obl	sons
32	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	31 בָּנִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
indirect: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	אֶלְקָנָה Elkanah
תִבְכִּי are you weeping	yiqtol · qal	חַנָּה O Hannah
not תֹֽאכְלִי are you eating	yiqtol · qal	חַנָּה O Hannah
יֵרַע is it sad	yiqtol · qal	לְבָב heart

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר לָהּ אֶלְקָנָה בַּעֲלָהּ חַנָה לְמָה אַתְּ בַּכְיָא וּלְמָה לָא תֵיכְלִי וּלְמָה בָּאֵישׁ לִיךְ לִיבֵּךְ הֲלָא רְעוּתִי טָבָא לִיךְ מַעֲשְׂרָא בְּנִין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Elkanah her husband said unto her: 'Hannah, why weepest thou? and why eatest thou not? and why is thy heart grieved? am not I better to thee than ten sons?'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:7.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.1.8/