1 Samuel 12:3 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: I · What happens: be, witness, take, defraud, oppress, blind · To what, where: ox, ass, ransom, eyes, you

This is 1 Samuel 12:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to ox, ass, ransom, eyes, you, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הִנְנִ֣י עֲנ֣וּ בִי֩ נֶ֨גֶד יְהוָ֜ה וְנֶ֣גֶד מְשִׁיח֗וֹ אֶת־שׁוֹר֩ ׀ מִ֨י לָקַ֜חְתִּי וַחֲמ֧וֹר מִ֣י לָקַ֗חְתִּי וְאֶת־מִ֤י עָשַׁ֙קְתִּי֙ אֶת־מִ֣י רַצּ֔וֹתִי וּמִיַּד־מִי֙ לָקַ֣חְתִּי כֹ֔פֶר וְאַעְלִ֥ים עֵינַ֖י בּ֑וֹ וְאָשִׁ֖יב לָכֶֽם׃

Here I am; witness against me before the LORD, and before His anointed: whose ox have I taken? or whose ass have I taken? or whom have I defrauded? or whom have I oppressed? or of whose hand have I taken a ransom to blind mine eyes therewith? and I will restore it you.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הִנ	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	root	root	here
2	ְנִ֣י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	1 הִנ	nsubj	I [am]
3	עֲנ֣וּ	עָנָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	1 הִנ	parataxis	testify
4	ב	בְּ	ADP	_	5 ִי֩	case	against
5	ִי֩	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 עֲנ֣וּ	obl	me
6	נֶ֨גֶד	נֶגֶד	NOUN	_	3 עֲנ֣וּ	obl	before
7	יְהוָ֜ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	6 נֶ֨גֶד	compound:smixut	Yahweh
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 נֶ֣גֶד	cc	and
9	נֶ֣גֶד	נֶגֶד	NOUN	_	6 נֶ֨גֶד	conj	before
10	מְשִׁיח	מָשִׁיחַ	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 נֶ֣גֶד	compound:smixut	his
11	֗וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 מְשִׁיח	nmod:poss	anointed
12	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	13 שׁוֹר֩	case	(et)
13	שׁוֹר֩	שׁוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 לָקַ֜חְתִּי	obj	the ox
14	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	13 שׁוֹר֩	punct
15	מִ֨י	מִי	PRON	PronType=Int	13 שׁוֹר֩	nmod:poss	of whom?
16	לָקַ֜חְתִּי	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	3 עֲנ֣וּ	ccomp	have I taken
17	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 לָקַ֗חְתִּי	cc	and
18	חֲמ֧וֹר	חֲמוֹר	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 לָקַ֗חְתִּי	obj	the donkey
19	מִ֣י	מִי	PRON	PronType=Int	18 חֲמ֧וֹר	nmod:poss	of whom?
20	לָקַ֗חְתִּי	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	16 לָקַ֜חְתִּי	conj	have I taken
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 עָשַׁ֙קְתִּי֙	cc	and
22	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	23 מִ֤י	case	(et)
23	מִ֤י	מִי	PRON	PronType=Int	24 עָשַׁ֙קְתִּי֙	obj	whom?
24	עָשַׁ֙קְתִּי֙	עָשַׁק	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	16 לָקַ֜חְתִּי	conj	have I oppressed
25	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	26 מִ֣י	case	(et)
26	מִ֣י	מִי	PRON	PronType=Int	27 רַצּ֔וֹתִי	obj	whom?
27	רַצּ֔וֹתִי	רָצַץ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	16 לָקַ֜חְתִּי	parataxis	have I crushed
28	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	32 לָקַ֣חְתִּי	cc	and
29	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	30 יַּד־	case	from
30	יַּד־	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 לָקַ֣חְתִּי	obl	the hand
31	מִי֙	מִי	PRON	PronType=Int	30 יַּד־	nmod:poss	of whom?
32	לָקַ֣חְתִּי	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	16 לָקַ֜חְתִּי	conj	have I taken
33	כֹ֔פֶר	כֹּפֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	32 לָקַ֣חְתִּי	obj	a ransom
34	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	35 אַעְלִ֥ים	cc	and
35	אַעְלִ֥ים	עָלַם	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	16 לָקַ֜חְתִּי	conj	I will hide
36	עֵינ	עַיִן	NOUN	Number=Dual	35 אַעְלִ֥ים	obj	eyes
37	ַ֖י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	36 עֵינ	nmod:poss	my
38	בּ	בְּ	ADP	_	39 ֑וֹ	case	by
39	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 אַעְלִ֥ים	obl	it
40	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	41 אָשִׁ֖יב	cc	and
41	אָשִׁ֖יב	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	16 לָקַ֜חְתִּי	conj	I will restore [it]
42	ל	לְ	ADP	_	43 ָכֶֽם	case	to
43	ָכֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	41 אָשִׁ֖יב	obl	you
44	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	43 ָכֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
עֲנוּ testify	imperative · qal
לָקַחְתִּי have I taken	qatal · qal		שׁוֹר the ox
לָקַחְתִּי have I taken	qatal · qal		חֲמוֹר the donkey
עָשַׁקְתִּי have I oppressed	qatal · qal		מִי whom?
רַצּוֹתִי have I crushed	qatal · qal		מִי whom?
לָקַחְתִּי have I taken	qatal · qal		כֹפֶר a ransom
אַעְלִים I will hide	yiqtol · hiphil	עֵינ eyes
אָשִׁיב I will restore [it]	yiqtol · hiphil

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

הָא עַד דִי אֲנָא קַיָם אַסְהִידוּ בִי קֳדָם יְיָ וְקָדָם מְשִׁיחֵיהּ יַת תּוֹרָא דְמַן דַבָּרִית וַחֲמָרָא דְמַן שְׁחָרִית וְיַת מַן עֲשָׁקִית וְיַת מַן אֲנָסִית וּמִיַד מַן קַבְּלִית מָמוֹן דִשְׁקַר וּכְבֵישִׁית עֵינַי בְּדִינָא מִנֵיהּ וַאֲתֵיב לְכוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Here I am; witness against me before the LORD, and before His anointed: whose ox have I taken? or whose ass have I taken? or whom have I defrauded? or whom have I oppressed? or of whose hand have I taken a ransom to blind mine eyes therewith? and I will restore it you.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:250.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.12.3/