1 Samuel 14:20 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: people, sword, great discomfiture · What happens: be, gather, come · To what, where: Saul, battle

This is 1 Samuel 14:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, sword, great discomfiture — and what happens in the verse to Saul, battle, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּזָּעֵ֣ק שָׁא֗וּל וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ עַד־הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה הָיְתָ֜ה חֶ֤רֶב אִישׁ֙ בְּרֵעֵ֔הוּ מְהוּמָ֖ה גְּדוֹלָ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃

And Saul and all the people that were with him were gathered together, and came to the battle; and, behold, every man's sword was against his fellow, and there was a very great discomfiture.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּזָּעֵ֣ק	cc	and
2	יִּזָּעֵ֣ק	זָעַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he was called together
3	שָׁא֗וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	2 יִּזָּעֵ֣ק	nsubj	Saul
4	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 כָל־	cc	and
5	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 שָׁא֗וּל	conj	all
6	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 עָם֙	det	the
7	עָם֙	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 כָל־	compound:smixut	people
8	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	10 ֔וֹ	mark	which
9	אִתּ	אֵת	ADP	_	10 ֔וֹ	case	[was] with
10	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 כָל־	acl:relcl	him
11	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יָּבֹ֖אוּ	cc	and
12	יָּבֹ֖אוּ	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּזָּעֵ֣ק	conj	they went
13	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	15 מִּלְחָמָ֑ה	case	to
14	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 מִּלְחָמָ֑ה	det	the
15	מִּלְחָמָ֑ה	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	12 יָּבֹ֖אוּ	obl	battle
16	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 גְּדוֹלָ֥ה	cc	and
17	הִנֵּ֨ה	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	25 גְּדוֹלָ֥ה	discourse	there!
18	הָיְתָ֜ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	22 רֵע	cop	it was
19	חֶ֤רֶב	חֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	22 רֵע	nsubj	[the] sword
20	אִישׁ֙	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	19 חֶ֤רֶב	compound:smixut	of each man
21	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	22 רֵע	case	in
22	רֵע	רֵעַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	25 גְּדוֹלָ֥ה	parataxis	neighbor
23	ֵ֔הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 רֵע	nmod:poss	his
24	מְהוּמָ֖ה	מְהוּמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	25 גְּדוֹלָ֥ה	nsubj	confusion
25	גְּדוֹלָ֥ה	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 יִּזָּעֵ֣ק	conj	[was] great
26	מְאֹֽד	מְאֹד	ADV	_	25 גְּדוֹלָ֥ה	advmod	very
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 מְאֹֽד	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִּזָּעֵק he was called together	wayyiqtol · niphal		שָׁאוּל Saul + עָם people
יָּבֹאוּ they went	wayyiqtol · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul + עָם people
הָיְתָה it was	qatal · qal	חֶרֶב [the] sword

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְאִתְכְּנִישׁ שָׁאוּל וְכָל עַמָא דְעִמֵיהּ וְאָתוֹ עַד קְרָבָא וְהָא הֲוַת חַרְבָּא גְבַר בְּחַבְרֵיהּ שִׁגוּשָׁא רַב לַחֲדָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Saul and all the people that were with him were gathered together, and came to the battle; and, behold, every man's sword was against his fellow, and there was a very great discomfiture.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:315.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.20/