1 Samuel 14:20 · JPS 1917
And Saul and all the people that were with him were gathered together, and came to the battle; and, behold, every man's sword was against his fellow, and there was a very great discomfiture.
Who acts: people, sword, great discomfiture · What happens: be, gather, come · To what, where: Saul, battle
This is 1 Samuel 14:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, sword, great discomfiture), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 gathered | cc |
| 2 | Saul | Saul | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 gathered | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 people | cc |
| 4 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 people | det:predet |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 people | det |
| 6 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 Saul | conj |
| 7 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 him | nsubj |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 him | cop |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 him | case |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 people | acl:relcl |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 gathered | aux:pass |
| 12 | gathered | gather | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | together | together | ADV | _ | 12 gathered | advmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 came | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 came | cc |
| 16 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 gathered | conj |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 battle | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 battle | det |
| 19 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 came | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 fellow | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 fellow | cc |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 behold | punct |
| 23 | behold | behold | INTJ | _ | 32 fellow | discourse |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 behold | punct |
| 25 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 26 man | det |
| 26 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 sword | nmod:poss |
| 27 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 26 man | case |
| 28 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 fellow | nsubj |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 fellow | cop |
| 30 | against | against | ADP | _ | 32 fellow | case |
| 31 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 fellow | nmod:poss |
| 32 | fellow | fellow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 gathered | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 was | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 was | cc |
| 35 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 36 was | expl |
| 36 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 fellow | conj |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 discomfiture | det |
| 38 | very | very | ADV | _ | 39 great | advmod |
| 39 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 discomfiture | amod |
| 40 | discomfiture | discomfiture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 was | nsubj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 gathered | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | all people | with tumult | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | gather | past · passive | Saul and all people | together property | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | come | past | the battle | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to battle=Initial_Location | |||||
| 4 | is | past | every man's sword | against Saul's fellow | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | be | past | a great discomfiture | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וַיִּזָּעֵ֣ק שָׁא֗וּל וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ עַד־הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה הָיְתָ֜ה חֶ֤רֶב אִישׁ֙ בְּרֵעֵ֔הוּ מְהוּמָ֖ה גְּדוֹלָ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃
1 Samuel 14:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1SA:348 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.348/