1 Samuel 14:47 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: Saul · What happens: take, fight, turn, put · To what, where: kingdom, Israel, side, Saul, Philistines

This is 1 Samuel 14:47 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Saul — and what happens in the verse to kingdom, Israel, side, Saul, Philistines, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְשָׁא֛וּל לָכַ֥ד הַמְּלוּכָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם סָבִ֣יב ׀ בְּֽכָל־אֹיְבָ֡יו בְּמוֹאָ֣ב ׀ וּבִבְנֵי־עַמּ֨וֹן וּבֶאֱד֜וֹם וּבְמַלְכֵ֤י צוֹבָה֙ וּבַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּבְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יִפְנֶ֖ה יַרְשִֽׁיעַ׃

So Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and fought against all his enemies on every side, against Moab, and against the children of Ammon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Zobah, and against the Philistines; and whithersoever he turned himself, he put them to the worse.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	3 לָכַ֥ד	cc	and
2	שָׁא֛וּל	שָׁאוּל	PROPN	_	3 לָכַ֥ד	nsubj	Saul
3	לָכַ֥ד	לָכַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he had taken
4	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 מְּלוּכָ֖ה	det	the
5	מְּלוּכָ֖ה	מְלוּכָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	3 לָכַ֥ד	obj	kingship
6	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	7 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	case	over
7	יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	3 לָכַ֥ד	obl	Israel
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 יִּלָּ֣חֶם	cc	and
9	יִּלָּ֣חֶם	לָחַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 לָכַ֥ד	conj	he waged war
10	סָבִ֣יב	סָבִיב	ADV	Number=Sing	9 יִּלָּ֣חֶם	advmod	all around
11	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	10 סָבִ֣יב	punct
12	בְּֽ	בְּ	ADP	_	13 כָל־	case	against
13	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 יִּלָּ֣חֶם	obl	all
14	אֹיְבָ֡י	אָיַב	NOUN	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	13 כָל־	compound:smixut	enemies
15	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 אֹיְבָ֡י	nmod:poss	his
16	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	17 מוֹאָ֣ב	case	against
17	מוֹאָ֣ב	מוֹאָב	PROPN	_	13 כָל־	nmod	Moab
18	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	17 מוֹאָ֣ב	punct
19	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 בְנֵי־	cc	and
20	בִ	בְּ	ADP	_	21 בְנֵי־	case	against
21	בְנֵי־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	17 מוֹאָ֣ב	conj	the people
22	עַמּ֨וֹן	עַמּוֹן	PROPN	_	21 בְנֵי־	compound:smixut	of Ammon
23	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 אֱד֜וֹם	cc	and
24	בֶ	בְּ	ADP	_	25 אֱד֜וֹם	case	against
25	אֱד֜וֹם	אֱדוֹם	PROPN	_	17 מוֹאָ֣ב	conj	Edom
26	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 מַלְכֵ֤י	cc	and
27	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	28 מַלְכֵ֤י	case	against
28	מַלְכֵ֤י	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	17 מוֹאָ֣ב	conj	the kings
29	צוֹבָה֙	צוֹבָא	PROPN	_	28 מַלְכֵ֤י	compound:smixut	of Zobah
30	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	33 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים	cc	and
31	בַ	בְּ	ADP	_	33 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים	case	against
32	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	33 פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים	det	the
33	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	17 מוֹאָ֣ב	conj	Philistines
34	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	39 יַרְשִֽׁיעַ	cc	and
35	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	36 כֹ֥ל	case	in
36	כֹ֥ל	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	39 יַרְשִֽׁיעַ	obl	every
37	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	38 יִפְנֶ֖ה	mark	where
38	יִפְנֶ֖ה	פָּנָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	36 כֹ֥ל	acl:relcl	he turned
39	יַרְשִֽׁיעַ	רָשַׁע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	3 לָכַ֥ד	conj	he acted wickedly
40	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	39 יַרְשִֽׁיעַ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
לָכַד he had taken	qatal · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul	מְּלוּכָה kingship
יִּלָּחֶם he waged war	wayyiqtol · niphal	שָׁאוּל Saul
יִפְנֶה he turned	yiqtol · qal	שָׁאוּל Saul
יַרְשִֽׁיעַ he acted wickedly	yiqtol · hiphil	שָׁאוּל Saul

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְשָׁאוּל אַצְלַח בְּמַלְכוּתָא עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאַגִיחַ קְרָבָא סְחוֹר סְחוֹר בְּכָל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבוֹהִי בְּמוֹאָב וּבִבְנֵי עַמוֹן וּבֶאֱדוֹם וּבְמַלְכֵי צוֹבָה וּבִפְלִשְׁתָּאֵי וּבְכָל אֲתַר דְמִתְפְּנֵי מְחַיָב:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

So Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and fought against all his enemies on every side, against Moab, and against the children of Ammon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Zobah, and against the Philistines; and whithersoever he turned himself, he put them to the worse.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:342.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.14.47/