1 Samuel 4:9 שְׁמוּאֵל א

Who acts: you, ye, Hebrews · What happens: be, quit, not be, fight · To what, where: yourselves, servants

This is 1 Samuel 4:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, ye, Hebrews — and what happens in the verse to yourselves, servants, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 31 chapters of 1 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הִֽתְחַזְּק֞וּ וִֽהְי֤וּ לַֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פֶּ֚ן תַּעַבְד֣וּ לָעִבְרִ֔ים כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָבְד֖וּ לָכֶ֑ם וִהְיִיתֶ֥ם לַאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וְנִלְחַמְתֶּֽם׃

Be strong, and quit yourselves like men, O ye Philistines, that ye be not servants unto the Hebrews, as they have been to you; quit yourselves like men, and fight.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הִֽתְחַזְּק֞וּ	חָזַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Plur Person=2	root	root	show yourselves strong
2	וִֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 אֲנָשִׁים֙	cc	and
3	הְי֤וּ	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	5 אֲנָשִׁים֙	cop	become
4	לַֽ	לְ	ADP	_	5 אֲנָשִׁים֙	case	(into)
5	אֲנָשִׁים֙	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 הִֽתְחַזְּק֞וּ	conj	men
6	פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים	פְּלִשְׁתִּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 הִֽתְחַזְּק֞וּ	parataxis	O Philistines
7	פֶּ֚ן	פֶּן	SCONJ	_	8 תַּעַבְד֣וּ	mark	lest
8	תַּעַבְד֣וּ	עָבַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	1 הִֽתְחַזְּק֞וּ	advcl	you should serve
9	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	11 עִבְרִ֔ים	case	(to)
10	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 עִבְרִ֔ים	det	the
11	עִבְרִ֔ים	עִבְרִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 תַּעַבְד֣וּ	obl	Hebrews
12	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	8 תַּעַבְד֣וּ	obl	just
13	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	14 עָבְד֖וּ	mark	as
14	עָבְד֖וּ	עָבַד	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	12 כַּ	acl:relcl	they have served
15	ל	לְ	ADP	_	16 ָכֶ֑ם	case	(to)
16	ָכֶ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	14 עָבְד֖וּ	obl	you
17	וִ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 אֲנָשִׁ֖ים	cc	and
18	הְיִיתֶ֥ם	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	20 אֲנָשִׁ֖ים	cop	you will become
19	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	20 אֲנָשִׁ֖ים	case	(into)
20	אֲנָשִׁ֖ים	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 הִֽתְחַזְּק֞וּ	conj	men
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 נִלְחַמְתֶּֽם	cc	and
22	נִלְחַמְתֶּֽם	לָחַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=2	1 הִֽתְחַזְּק֞וּ	conj	you will fight
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 נִלְחַמְתֶּֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
הִֽתְחַזְּקוּ show yourselves strong	imperative · hithpael	פְּלִשְׁתִּים O Philistines
הְיוּ become	imperative · qal	פְּלִשְׁתִּים O Philistines
תַּעַבְדוּ you should serve	yiqtol · qal	פְּלִשְׁתִּים O Philistines
עָבְדוּ they have served	qatal · qal
הְיִיתֶם you will become	weqatal · qal	פְּלִשְׁתִּים O Philistines
נִלְחַמְתֶּֽם you will fight	weqatal · niphal	פְּלִשְׁתִּים O Philistines

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אִיתְקְפוּ וַהֲווֹ לְגַבְרִין פְּלִשְׁתָּאֵי דִלְמָא תִּשְׁתַּעְבְּדוּן לִיהוּדָאֵי כְּמָא דְאִשְׁתַּעְבְּדוּ לְכוֹן וּתְהוֹן לְגַבְרִין גִבָּרִין וְתַגִיחוּן קְרָבָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Be strong, and quit yourselves like men, O ye Philistines, that ye be not servants unto the Hebrews, as they have been to you; quit yourselves like men, and fight.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:1SA:93.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1SA.4.9/