2 Kings 18:13 מְלָכִים ב

Who acts: Sennacherib king · What happens: come up, fortify, take · To what, where: fortified cities, Philistines

This is 2 Kings 18:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Sennacherib king — and what happens in the verse to fortified cities, Philistines, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 25 chapters of 2 Kings on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וּבְאַרְבַּע֩ עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה שָׁנָ֜ה לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֗ה עָלָ֞ה סַנְחֵרִ֤יב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ עַ֣ל כָּל־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה הַבְּצֻר֖וֹת וַֽיִּתְפְּשֵֽׂם׃

Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 עָלָ֞ה	cc	and
2	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	5 שָׁנָ֜ה	case	in
3	אַרְבַּע֩	אַרְבַּע	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	5 שָׁנָ֜ה	nummod	four-
4	עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה	עֶשְׂרֵה	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	3 אַרְבַּע֩	flat	teen
5	שָׁנָ֜ה	שָׁנָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	10 עָלָ֞ה	obl	year
6	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	8 מֶּ֣לֶךְ	case	of
7	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 מֶּ֣לֶךְ	det	the
8	מֶּ֣לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 שָׁנָ֜ה	nmod	king
9	חִזְקִיָּ֗ה	חִזְקִיָּה	PROPN	_	8 מֶּ֣לֶךְ	appos	Hezekiah
10	עָלָ֞ה	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he came up
11	סַנְחֵרִ֤יב	סַנְחֵרִיב	PROPN	_	10 עָלָ֞ה	nsubj	Sennacherib
12	מֶֽלֶךְ־	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 סַנְחֵרִ֤יב	appos	the king
13	אַשּׁוּר֙	אַשּׁוּר	PROPN	_	12 מֶֽלֶךְ־	compound:smixut	of Assyria
14	עַ֣ל	עַל	ADP	_	15 כָּל־	case	on
15	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 עָלָ֞ה	obl	all
16	עָרֵ֧י	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	15 כָּל־	compound:smixut	the cities
17	יְהוּדָ֛ה	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	16 עָרֵ֧י	compound:smixut	of Judah
18	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 בְּצֻר֖וֹת	det	(the)
19	בְּצֻר֖וֹת	בָּצוּר	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	16 עָרֵ֧י	amod	fortified
20	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 יִּתְפְּשׂ	cc	and
21	יִּתְפְּשׂ	תָּפַשׂ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	10 עָלָ֞ה	conj	he
22	ֵֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 יִּתְפְּשׂ	obj	seized them
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 ֵֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
עָלָה he came up	qatal · qal	סַנְחֵרִיב Sennacherib
יִּתְפְּשׂ he	wayyiqtol · qal	סַנְחֵרִיב Sennacherib	ֵֽם seized them

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּבְאַרְבַּע עַשְׂרֵי שְׁנִין לְמַלְכָּא חִזְקִיָה סְלִיק סַנְחֵרִיב מַלְכָּא דְאַתּוּר עַל כָּל קִירְוַיָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה כְּרִיכָתָא וַאֲחָדִינוּן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Now in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah did Sennacherib king of Assyria come up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2KI:503.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.18.13/