2 Samuel 1:25 שְׁמוּאֵל ב
What happens: fall, slay · To what, where: mighty, midst, Jonathan
This is 2 Samuel 1:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: what happens in the verse to mighty, midst, Jonathan, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
אֵ֚יךְ נָפְל֣וּ גִבֹּרִ֔ים בְּת֖וֹךְ הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן עַל־בָּמוֹתֶ֖יךָ חָלָֽל׃
How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle! Jonathan upon thy high places is slain!
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | אֵ֚יךְ | אֵיךְ | INTJ | _ | 2 נָפְל֣וּ | discourse | how! |
| 2 | נָפְל֣וּ | נָפַל | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | root | root | they have fallen |
| 3 | גִבֹּרִ֔ים | גִּבּוֹר | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 2 נָפְל֣וּ | nsubj | [the] mighty [ones] |
| 4 | בְּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 5 ת֖וֹךְ | case | in |
| 5 | ת֖וֹךְ | תָּוֶךְ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 2 נָפְל֣וּ | obl | the middle |
| 6 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 7 מִּלְחָמָ֑ה | det | of |
| 7 | מִּלְחָמָ֑ה | מִלְחָמָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 5 ת֖וֹךְ | compound:smixut | the battle |
| 8 | יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן | יְהוֹנָתָן | PROPN | _ | 12 חָלָֽל | nsubj | Jonathan |
| 9 | עַל־ | עַל | ADP | _ | 10 בָּמוֹתֶ֖י | case | on |
| 10 | בָּמוֹתֶ֖י | בָּמָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Plur | 12 חָלָֽל | obl | places |
| 11 | ךָ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 10 בָּמוֹתֶ֖י | nmod:poss | your high |
| 12 | חָלָֽל | חָלָל | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 2 נָפְל֣וּ | parataxis | [is] slain |
| 13 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 12 חָלָֽל | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- wh-question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| נָפְלוּ they have fallen | qatal · qal | גִבֹּרִים [the] mighty [ones] |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
אֵיכְדֵין אִתְקְטְלוּ גִבָּרַיָא בְּגוֹ קְרָבָא יְהוֹנָתָן עַל בֵּית תּוּקְפָךְ אִתְקְטַלְתָּא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:24.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.25/