2 Samuel 23:18 שְׁמוּאֵל ב

Who acts: Abishai · What happens: be, lift up, slay, have · To what, where: chief, spear, three hundred, things, name

This is 2 Samuel 23:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Abishai — and what happens in the verse to chief, spear, three hundred, things, name, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַאֲבִישַׁ֞י אֲחִ֣י ׀ יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרוּיָ֗ה ה֚וּא רֹ֣אשׁ הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֔ה וְהוּא֙ עוֹרֵ֣ר אֶת־חֲנִית֔וֹ עַל־שְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת חָלָ֑ל וְלוֹ־שֵׁ֖ם בַּשְּׁלֹשָֽׁה׃

And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief of the three. And he lifted up his spear against three hundred and slew them, and had a name among the three.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 רֹ֣אשׁ	cc	and
2	אֲבִישַׁ֞י	אֲבִישַׁי	PROPN	_	9 רֹ֣אשׁ	dislocated	Abishai
3	אֲחִ֣י	אָח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 אֲבִישַׁ֞י	appos	the brother
4	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	3 אֲחִ֣י	punct
5	יוֹאָ֣ב	יוֹאָב	PROPN	_	3 אֲחִ֣י	compound:smixut	of Joab
6	בֶּן־	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 אֲבִישַׁ֞י	appos	the son
7	צְרוּיָ֗ה	צְרוּיָה	PROPN	_	6 בֶּן־	compound:smixut	of Zeruiah
8	ה֚וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 רֹ֣אשׁ	nsubj	he
9	רֹ֣אשׁ	רֹאשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	root	root	[was] the chief
10	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 שְּׁלֹשָׁ֔ה	det	of
11	שְּׁלֹשָׁ֔ה	שָׁלֹשׁ	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 רֹ֣אשׁ	compound:smixut	the three
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 עוֹרֵ֣ר	cc	and
13	הוּא֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 עוֹרֵ֣ר	nsubj	he
14	עוֹרֵ֣ר	עוּר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=POLEL Number=Sing Person=3	9 רֹ֣אשׁ	conj	he wielded
15	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	16 חֲנִית	case	(et)
16	חֲנִית	חֲנִית	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	14 עוֹרֵ֣ר	obj	spear
17	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 חֲנִית	nmod:poss	his
18	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	21 חָלָ֑ל	case	on
19	שְׁלֹ֥שׁ	שָׁלֹשׁ	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	21 חָלָ֑ל	nummod	three
20	מֵא֖וֹת	מֵאָה	NUM	Number=Plur	19 שְׁלֹ֥שׁ	flat	hundred(s)
21	חָלָ֑ל	חָלָל	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 עוֹרֵ֣ר	obl	slain
22	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 שְּׁלֹשָֽׁה	cc	and [belonged]
23	ל	לְ	ADP	_	24 וֹ־	case	to
24	וֹ־	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 שְּׁלֹשָֽׁה	obl	him
25	שֵׁ֖ם	שֵׁם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	28 שְּׁלֹשָֽׁה	nsubj	a name
26	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	28 שְּׁלֹשָֽׁה	case	among
27	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	28 שְּׁלֹשָֽׁה	det	the
28	שְּׁלֹשָֽׁה	שָׁלֹשׁ	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 רֹ֣אשׁ	conj	three
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 שְּׁלֹשָֽׁה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
עוֹרֵר he wielded	qatal · polel	הוּא he	חֲנִית spear

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲבִישַׁי אֲחוּהִי דְיוֹאָב בַּר צְרוּיָה הוּא רֵישׁ גִבָּרַיָא וְהוּא תַבֵּיב יַת מוּרְנִיתֵיהּ עַל תְּלַת מְאָה קְטִילִין וְלֵיהּ שׁוּם בִּתְלָתָא גִבָּרַיָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:2SA:648.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.23.18/