Hosea 10:11 הוֹשֵׁעַ

Who acts: Ephraim, heifer, I, Judah, Jacob · What happens: be, break, love, thresh, pass over, make · To what, where: heifer, fair neck, Ephraim, clods

This is Hosea 10:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ephraim, heifer, I, Judah, Jacob — and what happens in the verse to heifer, fair neck, Ephraim, clods, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְאֶפְרַ֜יִם עֶגְלָ֤ה מְלֻמָּדָה֙ אֹהַ֣בְתִּי לָד֔וּשׁ וַאֲנִ֣י עָבַ֔רְתִּי עַל־ט֖וּב צַוָּארָ֑הּ אַרְכִּ֤יב אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ יַחֲר֣וֹשׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה יְשַׂדֶּד־ל֖וֹ יַעֲקֹֽב׃

And Ephraim is a heifer well broken, that loveth to thresh, and I have passed over upon her fair neck; I will make Ephraim to ride, Judah shall plow, Jacob shall break his clods.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	3 עֶגְלָ֤ה	cc	and
2	אֶפְרַ֜יִם	אֶפְרַיִם	PROPN	_	3 עֶגְלָ֤ה	nsubj	Ephraim
3	עֶגְלָ֤ה	עֶגְלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	root	root	[was] a heifer
4	מְלֻמָּדָה֙	לָמַד	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Sing	3 עֶגְלָ֤ה	nmod	trained
5	אֹהַ֣בְתִּי	אָהֵב	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	3 עֶגְלָ֤ה	acl:relcl	[which] loved
6	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	7 ד֔וּשׁ	case	to
7	ד֔וּשׁ	דּוּשׁ	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	5 אֹהַ֣בְתִּי	advcl	thresh
8	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 עָבַ֔רְתִּי	cc	and
9	אֲנִ֣י	אֲנִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 עָבַ֔רְתִּי	nsubj	I
10	עָבַ֔רְתִּי	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	3 עֶגְלָ֤ה	conj	I passed
11	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	12 ט֖וּב	case	over
12	ט֖וּב	טוּב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 עָבַ֔רְתִּי	obl	the goodness
13	צַוָּאר	צַוַּאר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 ט֖וּב	compound:smixut	its neck
14	ָ֑הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 צַוָּאר	nmod:poss	her
15	אַרְכִּ֤יב	רָכַב	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	3 עֶגְלָ֤ה	parataxis	I will cause to draw
16	אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙	אֶפְרַיִם	PROPN	_	15 אַרְכִּ֤יב	obj	Ephraim
17	יַחֲר֣וֹשׁ	חָרַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 עֶגְלָ֤ה	parataxis	it will plow
18	יְהוּדָ֔ה	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	17 יַחֲר֣וֹשׁ	nsubj	Judah
19	יְשַׂדֶּד־	שָׂדַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	3 עֶגְלָ֤ה	parataxis	it will harrow
20	ל	לְ	ADP	_	21 ֖וֹ	case	(for
21	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 יְשַׂדֶּד־	obl	itself
22	יַעֲקֹֽב	יַעֲקֹב	PROPN	_	19 יְשַׂדֶּד־	nsubj	Jacob
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 יַעֲקֹֽב	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
מְלֻמָּדָה trained	participle passive · pual		עֶגְלָה [was] a heifer
אֹהַבְתִּי [which] loved	participle active · qal	עֶגְלָה [was] a heifer
דוּשׁ thresh	infinitive construct · qal	עֶגְלָה [was] a heifer
עָבַרְתִּי I passed	qatal · qal	אֲנִי I
אַרְכִּיב I will cause to draw	yiqtol · hiphil	אֶפְרַיִם Ephraim
יַחֲרוֹשׁ it will plow	yiqtol · qal	יְהוּדָה Judah
יְשַׂדֶּד־ it will harrow	yiqtol · piel	יַעֲקֹֽב Jacob

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל דַמְיָא לְעֶגְלָתָא דְמַלְפִין לָהּ לְמַירְדֵי וְלָא אַלְפָא רָחֲמָא לְהֵלָכָא בִּרְעוּת נַפְשָׁהּ וַאֲנָא פָרְקֵית יַתְהוֹן מִשְׁעַבּוּד מִצְרַיִם אַעְדֵיתִי נִיר תְּקוֹף מִצַוְרֵיהוֹן אַשְׁרֵיתִי בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל תְּקוֹף אַרְעָא דֶאֱמוֹרָאָה כְּבִישִׁין קָדְמֵיהוֹן דְבֵית יְהוּדָה אַחְסְנֵית יַתְהוֹן אַחְסַנְתָּא דְקַיְמֵית לַאֲבוּהוֹן יַעֲקֹב:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And Ephraim is a heifer well broken, that loveth to thresh, and I have passed over upon her fair neck; I will make Ephraim to ride, Judah shall plow, Jacob shall break his clods.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:HOS:141.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.11/