Hosea 10:11 · JPS 1917
And Ephraim is a heifer well broken, that loveth to thresh, and I have passed over upon her fair neck; I will make Ephraim to ride, Judah shall plow, Jacob shall break his clods.
Who acts: Ephraim, heifer, I, Judah, Jacob · What happens: be, break, love, thresh, pass over, make · To what, where: heifer, fair neck, Ephraim, clods
This is Hosea 10:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ephraim, heifer, I, Judah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 heifer | cc |
| 2 | Ephraim | Ephraim | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 heifer | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 heifer | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 heifer | det |
| 5 | heifer | heifer | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 7 broken | advmod |
| 7 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 heifer | acl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 loveth | punct |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 loveth | nsubj |
| 10 | loveth | love | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 heifer | acl:relcl |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 thresh | mark |
| 12 | thresh | thresh | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 loveth | xcomp |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 passed | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 passed | cc |
| 15 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 passed | nsubj |
| 16 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 passed | aux |
| 17 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 loveth | conj |
| 18 | over | over | ADV | _ | 17 passed | advmod |
| 19 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 22 neck | case |
| 20 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 neck | nmod:poss |
| 21 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 neck | amod |
| 22 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 passed | obl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 make | punct |
| 24 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 make | nsubj |
| 25 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 make | aux |
| 26 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 heifer | parataxis |
| 27 | Ephraim | Ephraim | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 make | obj |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 ride | mark |
| 29 | ride | ride | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 make | xcomp |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 plow | punct |
| 31 | Judah | Judah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 plow | nsubj |
| 32 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 plow | aux |
| 33 | plow | plow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 heifer | parataxis |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 break | punct |
| 35 | Jacob | Jacob | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 break | nsubj |
| 36 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 break | aux |
| 37 | break | break | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 heifer | parataxis |
| 38 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 clods | nmod:poss |
| 39 | clods | clod | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 break | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 heifer | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- promise
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Ephraim | a heifer | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | break | participle | a heifer not said here | well property | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | love | present | a heifer | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | thresh not said to happen | to-infinitive | a heifer not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | pass over | present · perfect | I | Ephraim's fair neck | over property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon neck=Location | |||
| 6 | make | future | I | Ephraim | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | ride | to-infinitive | Ephraim not said here | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | plow | shall | Judah | vn wipe_instr-10.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 9 | break | shall | Jacob | Jacob's clods | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer clod=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְאֶפְרַ֜יִם עֶגְלָ֤ה מְלֻמָּדָה֙ אֹהַ֣בְתִּי לָד֔וּשׁ וַאֲנִ֣י עָבַ֔רְתִּי עַל־ט֖וּב צַוָּארָ֑הּ אַרְכִּ֤יב אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ יַחֲר֣וֹשׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה יְשַׂדֶּד־ל֖וֹ יַעֲקֹֽב׃
Hosea 10:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:HOS:149 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.149/