Hosea 8:4 הוֹשֵׁעַ

Who acts: They, kings, I · What happens: set up, make, not know, cut off · To what, where: kings, princes, enemy

This is Hosea 8:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — They, kings, I — and what happens in the verse to kings, princes, enemy, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הֵ֤ם הִמְלִיכוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א מִמֶּ֔נִּי הֵשִׂ֖ירוּ וְלֹ֣א יָדָ֑עְתִּי כַּסְפָּ֣ם וּזְהָבָ֗ם עָשׂ֤וּ לָהֶם֙ עֲצַבִּ֔ים לְמַ֖עַן יִכָּרֵֽת׃

They have set up kings, but not from Me, they have made princes, and I knew it not; of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הֵ֤ם	הֵם	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 הִמְלִיכוּ֙	nsubj	they
2	הִמְלִיכוּ֙	מָלַךְ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they have made kings
3	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 לֹ֣א	cc	and
4	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	2 הִמְלִיכוּ֙	conj	not
5	מִמּ	מִן	ADP	_	6 ֶ֔נִּי	case	from
6	ֶ֔נִּי	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 לֹ֣א	obl	me
7	הֵשִׂ֖ירוּ	שׂור	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 הִמְלִיכוּ֙	parataxis	they have installed leaders
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יָדָ֑עְתִּי	cc	and
9	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	10 יָדָ֑עְתִּי	advmod	not
10	יָדָ֑עְתִּי	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	7 הֵשִׂ֖ירוּ	conj	I knew
11	כַּסְפּ	כֶּסֶף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 עָשׂ֤וּ	obj	silver
12	ָ֣ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 כַּסְפּ	nmod:poss	their
13	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 זְהָב	cc	and
14	זְהָב	זָהָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 כַּסְפּ	conj	gold
15	ָ֗ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 זְהָב	nmod:poss	their
16	עָשׂ֤וּ	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 הִמְלִיכוּ֙	parataxis	they have made
17	ל	לְ	ADP	_	18 ָהֶם֙	case	for
18	ָהֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 עָשׂ֤וּ	obl	themselves
19	עֲצַבִּ֔ים	עָצָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	16 עָשׂ֤וּ	xcomp	idols
20	לְמַ֖עַן	לְמַעַן	SCONJ	_	21 יִכָּרֵֽת	mark	so that
21	יִכָּרֵֽת	כָּרַת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	16 עָשׂ֤וּ	parataxis	it may be cut off
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 יִכָּרֵֽת	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
not הִמְלִיכוּ they have made kings	qatal · hiphil	הֵם they
הֵשִׂירוּ they have installed leaders	qatal · hiphil
not יָדָעְתִּי I knew	qatal · qal
עָשׂוּ they have made	qatal · qal		כַּסְפּ silver + זְהָב gold
יִכָּרֵֽת it may be cut off	yiqtol · niphal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אִינוּן אַמְלִיכוּ וְלָא מִמֵימְרִי רַבִּיאוּ וְלָא מַרְעוּתִי כַּסְפְּהוֹן וּדְהַבְהוֹן דְאַסִיקוּ לְהוֹן מִמִצְרַיִם עֲבָדוּ לְהוֹן טַעֲוָן בְּדִיל דְיִשְׁתֵּיצוּן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

They have set up kings, but not from Me, they have made princes, and I knew it not; of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:HOS:103.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.8.4/