Isaiah 21:1 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: whirlwinds, South · What happens: burden, sweep on, come · To what, where: wilderness

This is Isaiah 21:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — whirlwinds, South — and what happens in the verse to wilderness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

מַשָּׂ֖א מִדְבַּר־יָ֑ם כְּסוּפ֤וֹת בַּנֶּ֙גֶב֙ לַֽחֲלֹ֔ף מִמִּדְבָּ֣ר בָּ֔א מֵאֶ֖רֶץ נוֹרָאָֽה׃

The burden of the wilderness of the sea. As whirlwinds in the South sweeping on, it cometh from the wilderness, from a dreadful land.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	מַשָּׂ֖א	מַשָּׂא	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	root	root	[the] oracle
2	מִדְבַּר־	מִדְבָּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 מַשָּׂ֖א	compound:smixut	of [the] wilderness
3	יָ֑ם	יָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 מִדְבַּר־	compound:smixut	of [the] sea
4	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	5 סוּפ֤וֹת	case	like
5	סוּפ֤וֹת	סוּפָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	13 בָּ֔א	obl	storm-winds
6	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	8 נֶּ֙גֶב֙	case	in
7	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 נֶּ֙גֶב֙	det	the
8	נֶּ֙גֶב֙	נֶגֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 סוּפ֤וֹת	nmod	south
9	לַֽ	לְ	ADP	_	10 חֲלֹ֔ף	case	to
10	חֲלֹ֔ף	חָלַף	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	5 סוּפ֤וֹת	nmod	sweep on
11	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	12 מִּדְבָּ֣ר	case	from [the]
12	מִּדְבָּ֣ר	מִדְבָּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 בָּ֔א	obl	wilderness
13	בָּ֔א	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 מַשָּׂ֖א	parataxis	[someone is] coming
14	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	15 אֶ֖רֶץ	case	from
15	אֶ֖רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 מִּדְבָּ֣ר	nmod	a land
16	נוֹרָאָֽה	יָרֵא	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing	15 אֶ֖רֶץ	nmod	to be feared
17	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	16 נוֹרָאָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
חֲלֹף sweep on	infinitive construct · qal	סוּפוֹת storm-winds
נוֹרָאָֽה to be feared	participle active · niphal		אֶרֶץ a land

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

מַטַל מַשִׁרְיָן דְאָתְיָן מִמַדְבְּרָא כְּמֵי יַמָא דְנָגְדִין כְּעַלְעוֹלִין דְאָתָן בְּאוֹרַח דָרוֹמָא מַדְבְּרָא וְאַתְיָן מִמַדְבְּרָא מֵאַרְעָא דְאִתְעֲבִידָא בָּהּ חֲסִינִין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:381.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.21.1/