Isaiah 26:18 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
Who acts: We, inhabitants · What happens: be, bring forth, not work, come · To what, where: pain, wind, deliverance, land, life
This is Isaiah 26:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — We, inhabitants — and what happens in the verse to pain, wind, deliverance, land, life, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
הָרִ֣ינוּ חַ֔לְנוּ כְּמ֖וֹ יָלַ֣דְנוּ ר֑וּחַ יְשׁוּעֹת֙ בַּל־נַ֣עֲשֶׂה אֶ֔רֶץ וּבַֽל־יִפְּל֖וּ יֹשְׁבֵ֥י תֵבֵֽל׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | הָרִ֣ינוּ | הָרָה | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1 | root | root | we were pregnant |
| 2 | חַ֔לְנוּ | חיל | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1 | 1 הָרִ֣ינוּ | parataxis | we were in labor |
| 3 | כְּמ֖וֹ | כְּמוֹ | ADP | _ | 4 יָלַ֣דְנוּ | case | like |
| 4 | יָלַ֣דְנוּ | יָלַד | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1 | 1 הָרִ֣ינוּ | parataxis | we gave birth to |
| 5 | ר֑וּחַ | רוּחַ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 יָלַ֣דְנוּ | obj | wind |
| 6 | יְשׁוּעֹת֙ | יְשׁוּעָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Plur | 8 נַ֣עֲשֶׂה | obj | deliverance(s) |
| 7 | בַּל־ | בַּל | ADV | _ | 8 נַ֣עֲשֶׂה | advmod | not |
| 8 | נַ֣עֲשֶׂה | עָשָׂה | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1 | 1 הָרִ֣ינוּ | parataxis | we accomplish |
| 9 | אֶ֔רֶץ | אֶרֶץ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 נַ֣עֲשֶׂה | obl | [the] earth |
| 10 | וּ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 12 יִפְּל֖וּ | cc | and |
| 11 | בַֽל־ | בַּל | ADV | _ | 12 יִפְּל֖וּ | advmod | not |
| 12 | יִפְּל֖וּ | נָפַל | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 1 הָרִ֣ינוּ | conj | they fall |
| 13 | יֹשְׁבֵ֥י | יָשַׁב | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur | 12 יִפְּל֖וּ | nsubj | the inhabitants |
| 14 | תֵבֵֽל | תֵּבֵל | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 13 יֹשְׁבֵ֥י | compound:smixut | of [the] world |
| 15 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 14 תֵבֵֽל | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| הָרִינוּ we were pregnant | qatal · qal | ||||
| חַלְנוּ we were in labor | qatal · qal | ||||
| יָלַדְנוּ we gave birth to | qatal · qal | רוּחַ wind | |||
| not נַעֲשֶׂה we accomplish | yiqtol · qal | יְשׁוּעֹת deliverance(s) | |||
| not יִפְּלוּ they fall | yiqtol · qal | יֹשְׁבֵי the inhabitants |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
אֲחַדְתָּנָא עָקָא כִּמְעַדְיָא דִמְטָת עִדָן מֵילְדָהּ קַלִיל כְּרוּחָא פּוּרְקַן לָא אַיְתִיאוּ אַרְעָא לָא עֲבַדוּ אַף פְּרִישָׁן לָא יָכְלִין לְמֶעְבַּד דְדָיְרִין בְּתֵבֵל:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:493.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.26.18/